To assess the knowledge and practice preferences of anaphylaxis treatment among pediatric intensivists in 5 Brazilian pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) settings.

The cohort was a cross-sectional sample from 5 PICUs; a 7-question survey was personally applied to participants regarding their professional clinical experience and the first-line drug choices when treating an anaphylaxis episode.

Of 43 participant physicians, the majority (83.8%) correctly identified epinephrine as the treatment of choice for anaphylaxis, yet only 41.9% chooses the intramuscular route of administration.

This study shows that the knowledge of anaphylaxis treatment is deficient among pediatric intensivists in Brazil. The dissemination of recent World Allergy Organization guidelines on anaphylaxis should be encouraged.