How Do National Governments Shape and Control Cities’ International Cooperation? Meta-governance Analysis of City Diplomacy

Robert Gawłowski, Agnieszka Szpak, Joanna Modrzyńska, Paweł Modrzyński, Michał Dahl, Faculty of Finance and Management in Bydgoszcz, WSB Merito University in Toruń, Faculty of Political Science and Security Studies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Management, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Beijing Sport University

Political Research Quarterly

Published online on January 29, 2026

Abstract

Political Research Quarterly, Volume 79, Issue 2, Page 452-464, June 2026.
Cities play an increasingly important role in international relations and are indispensable in solving global challenges. In this context, the authors have been wondering to what extent they can interact autonomously on the international stage, and what ...