Co-Occurring Structural Risks in Adolescence: The Independent Effects of Caregiver Hardship and CPS Involvement on Young Adult Material Well-Being

Crispin Rakibu Mbamba, Emmanuel Temitope Adaranijo, Blessing Chiamaka Nwachukwu, MD Sarafat Hossain, Femi Ogungbemi, Julianah Egbontan, Department of Social Work, College of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Center for Human Services Research, Research Foundation , State University of New York at Albany, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, School of Social Work, University of Alabama, Student Affairs Division, Federal University of Lafia

Emerging Adulthood

Published online on August 17, 2026

Abstract

Emerging Adulthood, Ahead of Print.
Research typically examines Child Protective Services (CPS) involvement as a consequence of poverty rather than testing whether institutional contact represents an independent pathway to material hardship. Using prospective data from the Future of ...