Most recent papers:

• Entrepreneurs as rulers? Insights from the relationship between social dominance orientation and entrepreneurial intention.
  David Y. Choi, Angélica S. Gutierrez, Jae Hyeung Kang, Joo Yeon Park, Chang‐Soo Sung.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. October 18, 2018
  --- - |2 Abstract Can individuals’ preference for social hierarchies and inequality affect their intention to pursue entrepreneurship? We surveyed university students in two countries and discovered that the answer may be context‐dependent. Findings suggest that the respondents’ views toward hierarchy and group‐based dominance in society, as indicated by social dominance orientation‐dominance (SDO‐D), is related to their Entrepreneurial Intentions (EI) for starting for‐profit companies. Perceived behavioral control (PBC) mediated the relationship between SDO‐D and EI, implying that higher SDO‐D influences people to think more positively about their own capabilities which in turn leads to higher EIs. These general patterns held in the U.S. sample. However, in South Korea's hierarchical society, respondents’ SDO‐D had little effect on EI as SDO‐D did not significantly affect PBC. Our findings suggest that individuals' SDO is an important and overlooked personality trait that may offer additional insights when added to models of EI. - Journal of Applied Social Psychology, EarlyView.
  

  October 18, 2018   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12559   open full text
• Issue Information.
  
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. October 12, 2018
  --- - - Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Volume 48, Issue 10, Page 533-534, October 2018.
  

  October 12, 2018   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12479   open full text
• When and why are proactive employees more creative? Investigations of relational and motivational mechanisms and contextual contingencies in the east and west.
  Greg J. Sears, Winny Shen, Haiyan Zhang.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. October 10, 2018
  --- - |2 Abstract Despite theory and empirical work linking employee proactive personality to individual‐level creativity, less is known about why and under what circumstances this relationship occurs. Drawing inspiration from the dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations, we report the results of two complementary, multisource field studies conceptualizing and testing interactional justice and intrinsic motivation as mediators of this relationship in two cultural contexts (i.e., China and Canada). We also investigated two potential moderators of these mediated effects: employees’ personal power distance values (in Study 1) and supervisor proactive personality (in Study 2). Although the mediating effect of intrinsic motivation was robust across the two studies, highlighting the cross‐cultural generalizability of this pathway, supplemental analyses in Study 1 indicate that this mechanism was driven by the self‐determination (vs. meaning, competence, or impact) facet of intrinsic task motivation in particular. In contrast, the mediating effect of interactional justice was contingent on both supervisor proactive personality and employee power distance, though at different stages of the process (i.e., Stage 1 vs. Stage 2 moderation, respectively). Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of relational, in addition to motivational pathways, in explaining the influence of proactive personality on creativity, but also suggest that the relational mechanism may be more sensitive to contextual influences. - Journal of Applied Social Psychology, EarlyView.
  

  October 10, 2018   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12550   open full text
• The impact of goal progress and individual differences on self‐regulation in training.
  John J. Donovan, Steven J. Lorenzet, Stephen A. Dwight, Dan Schneider.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. October 08, 2018
  --- - |2 Abstract The present study examined how individuals in an organizational training program regulated both their performance goals and effort in response to goal–performance discrepancies (GPDs), as well as the impact of individual differences (goal orientation) on these processes. Four hundred and sixty‐two employees participating in a high‐fidelity training simulation for a pharmaceutical sales position were observed over the course of 10 days to examine how they altered both their goals and individual effort in response to performance feedback they received from the organization. Consistent with past research conducted outside of the workplace, the results indicated that both goal revision and effort expenditure were significantly related to the GPDs experienced by individuals such that individuals receiving feedback that they were performing below their goal were likely to both set less challenging future goals and exert more effort. Results also suggested that this relationship was moderated by the employee's learning goal orientation (LGO) and performance‐avoid goal orientation. Individuals with a strong LGO were more likely to address GPDs by increasing effort, whereas those with a strong performance‐avoid orientation tended to utilize goal revision to address their GPDs. Theoretical and applied implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed. - Journal of Applied Social Psychology, EarlyView.
  

  October 08, 2018   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12556   open full text
• We are victims! How observers evaluate a group’s claim of collective victimhood.
  Sucharita Belavadi, Michael A. Hogg.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. October 08, 2018
  --- - |2 Abstract Intergroup relations often involve a competitive narrative revolving around claims of collective victimhood. This article investigates how the communication of such claims impacts third‐party perceptions of the group's structure and future actions. Two experiments explored the underlying processes that shape such third‐party perceptions. Study 1 (N = 86) showed that victim‐claiming groups were perceived as more uncertain than groups not claiming victimhood and as a result as less entitative units. Study 2 (N = 165) showed that victimhood‐claiming groups’ intentions toward violent and retributive acts were legitimized by observers through perceptions of heightened uncertainty. Claims of collective victimhood help groups justify the adoption of a violent strategy against an antagonistic outgroup through perceived heightened uncertainty. Further, Study 2 showed that power moderated the relationship between victimhood claims by groups and the perceived entitativity of such groups—low‐power groups communicating a message of victimhood were perceived as more entitative than low‐power groups not making such claims. Implications of third‐party perceptions of conflicting groups on already troubled intergroup relations are discussed. - Journal of Applied Social Psychology, EarlyView.
  

  October 08, 2018   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12555   open full text
• Dissecting the politics of “Obamacare”: The role of distributive justice, deservingness, and affect.
  Becky L. Choma, Andrew J. Barnes, Robert T. Braun, Yaniv Hanoch.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. October 05, 2018
  --- - |2 Abstract Political conservatives (vs. liberals) are commonly thought to oppose government‐based policies that promote equal distribution of resources, preferring that resources be distributed based on merit. In a sample of American adults (n = 436), distributive fairness perceptions, deservingness, and affective reactions related to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) were examined to better understand the ideological differences in ACA attitudes. Participants completed measures of political orientation, ACA knowledge and attitudes, deservingness, distributive justice principles (i.e., need, equality, merit), anger, and sympathy. Identifying as politically liberal (vs. conservative) and greater knowledge on the ACA predicted greater ACA support. Preferences for the distributive justice principles of equality and need (but not equity) mediated the relation between political orientation and ACA attitudes. Further, conservatives perceived less deservingness and in turn experienced greater anger and opposition to the ACA. Additional exploratory analyses also suggest that the positive path between deservingness and ACA support is moderated by political orientation such that it is stronger among political liberals than conservatives. Implications of the ideological chasm in relation to the ACA are considered. - Journal of Applied Social Psychology, EarlyView.
  

  October 05, 2018   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12553   open full text
• The effects of empathy, perceived injustice and group identity on altruistic preferences: Towards compensation or punishment.
  Tiezhan Lu, Shelley McKeown.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. October 02, 2018
  --- - |2 Abstract Previous research supports that both empathic concern and perspective‐taking are predictors of altruistic behaviours in dictator games. Less is known, however, about how the identity of the victim and the perpetrator and the strength of ingroup identity of the observer in such games impacts upon preferences for altruistic compensation and punishment. Focusing on gender identity, the present research aimed to examine the effects of empathy, perceived injustice and ingroup identity strength on preferences for altruistic compensation and punishment. Female adult participants (n = 116) were recruited through an online survey conducted in the United Kingdom. Using a dictator‐style game, participants were randomly assigned to observe either a male or female distributing resources to a female victim, after which they were asked to rate their feelings of injustice and then completed a series of measures including empathic concern, perspective‐taking and strength of gender identity. Results demonstrate that empathic concern and perspective‐taking predicted third‐party altruistic preferences but there was no effect of experimental condition (perpetrator identity). Results have implications for promoting perspective‐taking‐focused empathy intervention in occasions where distributive inequality or intergroup bias frequently occurs. These are also the insight to female’s awareness of gender equality and a novel enforce of norm violations. - Journal of Applied Social Psychology, EarlyView.
  

  October 02, 2018   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12558   open full text
• Does a multicultural perspective shape unbiased minds? The moderating role of outgroup threat.
  Ana Urbiola, Guillermo B. Willis, Josefa Ruiz‐Romero, Miguel Moya.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. October 02, 2018
  --- - |2 Abstract The multicultural perspective is an ideological orientation that values the recognition and inclusion of diverse ethnic and cultural groups as sources of identity and culture that are favorable to society, because they promote positive intergroup relations and social equality. However, there are conditions that moderate the constructive effects such a perspective potentially yields. In this research, we used experimental procedures to examine the effects of a multicultural perspective on levels of implicit and explicit prejudice aimed at Gitanos(Spanish Roma). In Study 1, we manipulated the content of a newspaper article to generate three conditions, which were (a) the multicultural perspective, (b) the use of counter‐stereotypical exemplars, and (c) the control. In Study 2, we not only evaluated the effect of the manipulation of the multicultural perspective relative to the control, we also assessed the extent to which symbolic and realistic outgroup threats moderate the effect of a multicultural perspective on implicit prejudice. Results showed lower levels of implicit prejudice in the multicultural condition than in the control condition. The multicultural perspective effectively reduced implicit prejudice when the perceived threat was low, but yielded no such observable effect when the perceived threat was high. - Journal of Applied Social Psychology, EarlyView.
  

  October 02, 2018   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12551   open full text
• A “bridge” over troubled water: Implications of the effect of locomotion mode on hopelessness.
  Daniela Di Santo, Conrad Baldner, Antonio Pierro, Arie W. Kruglanski.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. September 18, 2018
  --- - |2 Abstract Past research has shown that hopelessness drastically reduces the quality of life. It follows that it could be particularly useful to improve our knowledge of the potential correlates of feelings of hopelessness. We propose a negative association between locomotion mode, or the self‐regulation dimension concerned with movement from current state to future states, and hopelessness. We suggest, in two studies that higher locomotion is related to less hopelessness and results in higher levels of psychological well‐being. In Study 1, we showed that locomotion was significantly and negatively related to hopelessness. In Study 2, we confirmed this result and also observed that the hopelessness experienced by locomotors partially mediated the positive relationship between locomotion orientation and psychological well‐being. Implications for future research are discussed. - Journal of Applied Social Psychology, EarlyView.
  

  September 18, 2018   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12557   open full text
• Issue Information.
  
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. September 18, 2018
  --- - - Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Volume 48, Issue 9, Page 475-476, September 2018.
  

  September 18, 2018   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12478   open full text
• The rise and fall of scary numbers: The effect of perceived trends on future estimates, severity ratings, and help‐allocations in a cancer context.
  Arvid Erlandsson, Sigrid Møyner Hohle, Erik Løhre, Daniel Västfjäll.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. September 17, 2018
  --- - |2 Abstract Statistical information such as death risk estimates is frequently used for illustrating the magnitude of a problem. Such mortality statistics are however easier to evaluate if presented next to an earlier estimate, as the two data points together will illustrate an upward or downward change. How are people influenced by such changes? In seven experiments, participants read mortality statistics (e.g., number of yearly deaths or expert‐estimated death risks) made at two points of time about various cancer types. Each cancer type was manipulated to have either a downward trajectory (e.g., the estimated death risk was 37% in 2012, and was adjusted downward to 22% in 2014), an upward trajectory (e.g., 7% → 22%), or a flat trajectory (e.g., 22% → 22%). For each cancer type, participants estimated future mortality statistics and rated the perceived severity. They also allocated real money between projects aimed at preventing the different cancer types. Participants’ responses indicated that they thought that a trend made out of two data points would continue in the future. People also perceived cancer types with similar present mortality statistics as more severe and allocated more money to them when they had an upward trajectory compared to a flat or downward trajectory. Although there are boundary conditions, we conclude that people's severity ratings and helping behavior can be influenced by trend information even when such information is based on only two data points. - Journal of Applied Social Psychology, EarlyView.
  

  September 17, 2018   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12552   open full text
• “We aren’t idlers”: Using subjective group dynamics to promote prosocial driver behavior at long‐wait stops.
  Abigail Player, Dominic Abrams, Julie Van de Vyver, Rose Meleady, Ana C. Leite, Georgina Randsley de Moura, Timothy Hopthrow.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. September 14, 2018
  --- - |2 Abstract Idling engines are a substantial air pollutant which contribute to many health and environmental problems. In this field experiment (N = 419) we use the subjective group dynamics framework to test ways of motivating car drivers to turn off idle engines at a long wait stop where the majority leave their engines idling. One of three normative messages (descriptive norm, in‐group prescriptive deviance, outgroup prescriptive deviance) was displayed when barriers were down at a busy railway level‐crossing. Compared to the baseline, normative messages increased the proportion of drivers that turned off their engines. Consistent with subjective group dynamics theory, the most effective approach was to highlight instances of in‐group prescriptive deviance (47% stopped idling, compared with 28% in the baseline). Implications for health and environmental outcomes and future research are discussed. - Journal of Applied Social Psychology, EarlyView.
  

  September 14, 2018   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12554   open full text
• Relationships among self‐construal, gender, social dominance orientation, and interpersonal distance.
  Müjde Peker, Robert W. Booth, Aylin Eke.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 21, 2018
  --- - |2 Abstract The present research focuses on the cognitive embodiment of physical proximity, through interpersonal distance’s relationship with self‐construal, gender, and social dominance orientation. Previous work showed that more independent self‐construal was associated with higher distancing preferences of participants, and that females tend to have higher interdependent self‐construal that lead them to prefer less interpersonal distance. We expected to replicate these findings. However, due to the relationship between power and interpersonal distance, it was argued that gender and perceptions regarding the social hierarchy would also play a role in predicting interpersonal distance. More specifically, it was predicted that while females who accept social hierarchies between males and females would prefer more distance when interacting with males, males would not differ in their preference for social distance. One hundred participants (67 female) completed the Comfortable Interpersonal Distance Scale, Independent and Interdependent Self‐Construal Scales and the Social Dominance Orientation Scale. Interdependent self‐construal was negatively correlated with overall preferred interpersonal distance. Moreover, females high on social dominance orientation preferred larger interpersonal distance from male adult strangers than from female adult strangers. The findings provide further support for the embodiment of self‐construal by showing that psychological closeness and heteronomy are related to physical closeness. The findings also highlight the importance of investigating communal sharing and authority ranking dimensions simultaneously when focusing on interpersonal distance as well as differentiating females’ interpersonal sensitivity due to low power with their high affiliation. - Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Volume 48, Issue 9, Page 494-505, September 2018.
  

  August 21, 2018   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12529   open full text
• A weight‐related growth mindset increases negative attitudes toward obese people.
  Nic Hooper, Alison Crumpton, Michael D. Robinson, Brian P. Meier.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 21, 2018
  --- - |2 Abstract In implicit personality theory, people with entity views or a fixed mindset perceive characteristics (e.g., intelligence) as uncontrollable, whereas people with incremental views or a growth mindset perceive characteristics as controllable. In addition to other benefits, the literature sometimes suggests that having a growth mindset will protect against prejudice, which the current two studies examine in terms of negative attitudes toward obese people. Participants (total N = 501) were randomly assigned to complete a questionnaire assessing attitudes toward an obese or nonobese person and a self‐theory questionnaire also assessed ideas about body weight. People with a growth mindset, and not fixed mindset, were more likely to have negative attitudes toward obese individuals, pointing to a potential downside of growth mindset in the obesity domain. - Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Volume 48, Issue 9, Page 488-493, September 2018.
  

  August 21, 2018   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12528   open full text
• Weapons of peace: Providing alternative means for social change reduces political violence.
  Birga M. Schumpe, Jocelyn J. Bélanger, Mauro Giacomantonio, Claudia F. Nisa, Ambra Brizi.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 05, 2018
  --- - |2 Abstract The present research demonstrates how support for political violence can be reduced by providing peaceful alternatives to produce social change. In Study 1, participants watched a video documenting the activities of a violent activist group, and then either watched a video of a peaceful activist group supporting the same cause or a control video. Participants that watched the peaceful activist group reported less support for the violent activist group than participants in the control condition. Study 2 replicated and extended Study 1 by testing the underlying psychological mechanism. In line with goal systems theory, providing participants with a peaceful alternative to produce social change (vs. no alternative) reduced the perceived instrumentality of the violent group to further the ideological cause, leading to lower support for the violent group. Implications for anti‐violence campaigns are discussed. - Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Volume 48, Issue 10, Page 549-558, October 2018.
  

  August 05, 2018   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12546   open full text
• Does functional diversity increase effectiveness of community care teams? The moderating role of shared vision, interaction frequency, and team reflexivity.
  Joep Hofhuis, Monique Mensen, Lydia M. ten Den, Annemieke M. van den Berg, Marieke Koopman‐Draijer, Marianne C. van Tilburg, Carolien H. M. Smits, Sjiera de Vries.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 02, 2018
  --- - |2 Abstract As interprofessional collaboration becomes more commonplace in health and social care, both scholars and practitioners are searching for ways to make the most out of functionally diverse teams. Earlier research has shown that the presence of different functional backgrounds may lead teams to perform better, because they have a larger pool of knowledge and experience to draw from. Other studies show, however, that functional diversity increases categorization, reduces team cohesion, and complicates interpersonal communication, thereby reducing performance. It remains unclear under which conditions positive or negative outcomes may occur. The present research tested the influence of functional diversity on team identity, team performance, and client satisfaction, and examined factors which may moderate these relationships. Based on earlier studies in this specific context, we focused on three team processes as possible moderators: shared vision, interaction frequency, and team reflexivity. In a survey among health and social care professionals working in community care teams in the Netherlands (n = 167), all three are shown to moderate the relationship between functional diversity and team effectiveness. In the absence of these processes, functional diversity appears to reduce team outcomes, whereas when these processes are present, the relationships are positive. In sum, in order for community care teams to reap the benefits of functional diversity, it is essential that members develop a shared vision, interact frequently, and practice team reflexivity. - Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Volume 48, Issue 10, Page 535-548, October 2018.
  

  August 02, 2018   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12533   open full text
• Effect of valenced vicarious online contact on out‐group prejudice and perceived out‐group variability: A study of online poker.
  Nadia P. Andrews, Kumar Yogeeswaran, Matt J. Walker, Miles Hewstone.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 02, 2018
  --- - |2 Abstract Online poker has become a multibillion dollar industry, with millions of people from around the world both playing and watching online poker each year. Unlike live poker, players and watchers, typically cannot rely on physical cues of other players; in fact, the only information often available to poker players is others’ nationality. Because these poker games often involve members of different national groups, it constitutes a context of indirect contact that has considerable potential to examine how attitudes and beliefs about people from other nationalities can be influenced by interactions in online poker. In the current research, we examined how observing an in‐group player have positive or negative contact with a player of another nationality impacted one’s own attitudes and beliefs about the out‐group nation. Participants (N = 157) watched an online poker video recording of a fellow in‐group member have negative, positive, or no intergroup contact with an out‐group member at an online poker table. Subsequent affective (out‐group attitudes) and cognitive (perceived out‐group variability) measures of intergroup bias were taken. Data revealed that while observing negative contact increased out‐group prejudice, observing positive contact reduced prejudice (all relative to no intergroup contact). However, no differences were found in perceived out‐group variability. Implications for online poker and future research intergroup contact are discussed. - Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Volume 48, Issue 10, Page 571-581, October 2018.
  

  August 02, 2018   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12548   open full text
• Perceived group discrimination and psychological well‐being in ethnic minority adolescents.
  Gonneke W. J. M. Stevens, Jochem Thijs.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 02, 2018
  --- - |2 Abstract Few studies have examined the relation of perceived group discrimination and psychological well‐being. Yet, there are theoretical reasons to expect such a relation, and members of ethnic minorities usually perceive higher levels of group discrimination than personal discrimination. In this research, we investigated the associations between perceived group discrimination and several indicators of psychological well‐being among 354 Moroccan‐Dutch adolescents controlling for perceived personal discrimination and testing the extent to which ethnic group identification moderated these associations. Our results showed that higher perceived group discrimination was associated with higher parent‐ and adolescent‐reported internalizing (e.g., fear, worries) and externalizing problems (e.g., anger, aggression) but not with lower personal self‐esteem. For personal self‐esteem a negative association with perceived personal discrimination was found. Moreover, for adolescents with a strong ethnic group identification, there was no relationship between perceived group discrimination and parent‐ and adolescent‐reported internalizing problems, while for those with a weak ethnic group identification, perceived group discrimination was associated with more parent‐ and adolescent‐reported internalizing problems. Conversely, perceived group discrimination was unrelated to personal self‐esteem among low identifiers, but positively related to it among high identifiers. Results indicate that minority group members can be negatively affected by discrimination, even if they do not experience it at first hand. Thus, future research on the psychological effects of discrimination should include group perceptions. - Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Volume 48, Issue 10, Page 559-570, October 2018.
  

  August 02, 2018   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12547   open full text
• Identity‐centrality, dimensions of uncertainty, and pursuit of subgroup autonomy: The case of Sardinia within Italy.
  Joseph A. Wagoner, Matteo Antonini, Michael A. Hogg, Barbara Barbieri, Alessandra Talamo.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 02, 2018
  --- - |2 Abstract Although group‐related uncertainties have been shown to drive subgroups’ pursuit of autonomy, it is unclear whether all group‐related uncertainties motivate subgroup autonomy. We hypothesized that social identity‐uncertainty, not politico‐economic uncertainty, about one’s subgroup is a key driver of support for subgroup autonomy. We measured Sardinian participants’ (N = 174) relative subgroup (Sardinian) and superordinate group (Italian) identity‐centrality, identity‐uncertainty, and politico‐economic uncertainty to predict support for subgroup autonomy and superordinate group fragmentation. Results showed that subgroup identity‐uncertainty, not politico‐economic uncertainty, elicited stronger support for subgroup autonomy, especially among highly identified subgroup members. Superordinate group fragmentation was predicted by relatively weaker superordinate identity‐centrality. Results suggest that subgroups’ pursuit of autonomy is driven by the hopes of reducing identity‐uncertainty. - Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Volume 48, Issue 10, Page 582-589, October 2018.
  

  August 02, 2018   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12549   open full text
• Social comparison processes in the experience of personal relative deprivation.
  Hyunji Kim, Mitchell J. Callan, Ana I. Gheorghiu, William J. Skylark.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 02, 2018
  --- - |2 Abstract Drawing on social comparison and equity theories, we investigated the role that perceived similarity of a comparison target plays in how resentful people feel about their relative financial status. In Study 1, participants tended to choose a comparison target who was better off, and they selected a target they perceived to be more similar than dissimilar along dimensions that surrounded their financial outcomes. In Study 1, perceived relative disadvantage was positively associated with resentment regardless of the perceived similarity of the comparison target. The results of Studies 2 to 5b clarified these findings by showing that being both similar and dissimilar to a target can cause resentment depending on the context. Using hypothetical and real social comparisons, we found that people are more dissatisfied with their financial outcomes when their comparative targets have the same background qualifications (i.e., are similar) but are financially better off (Studies 2, 3b, 4, and 5b). However, we also found that when the comparative financial contexts were similar (i.e., equal affluence), participants were more dissatisfied when their target for comparison had lower qualifications (i.e., was dissimilar; Studies 2, 3a, 4, and 5a). In all cases, perceptions of unfairness mediated the effects of social comparison on financial dissatisfaction. Taken together, these studies address some of the ambiguities around what it means to be similar to a target in the context of social comparisons of affluence, and they underscore the importance of perceived unfairness in the link between social comparison and resentment with one's financial status. - Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Volume 48, Issue 9, Page 519-532, September 2018.
  

  August 02, 2018   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12531   open full text
• The pivotal role of perceived emotional synchrony in the context of terrorism: Challenges and lessons learned from the March 2016 attack in Belgium.
  Petra Pelletier.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 01, 2018
  --- - |2 Abstract Since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack against the World Trade Center in New York City, terrorism has become one of the most distressing large‐scale societal threats. The March 22, 2016 terrorist attack in Brussels, the capital of Belgium undermined the collective sense of perceived security and social cohesion. The present research investigates Belgian civilians’ (N = 202) terrorist threat perception, personal emotions, and the role of perceived emotional synchrony in the construction of the perceived socioemotional climate in Belgium. The main purpose of the current study was to examine the role of perceived emotional synchrony emerging in collective gatherings as a regulatory mechanism improving the perceived socioemotional climate of the country. Additionally, the precise components (personal vs. collective) shaping the perceptions of terrorist threat were also examined. This study was conducted by a questionnaire during the collective gatherings in Brussels 1 week after the terrorist attack. The main results suggest that the terrorist threat has been perceived at the collective level rather than at the personal level. Furthermore, the perceived emotional synchrony with others mediated specifically the relationship between positive personal emotions and the perceived positive socioemotional climate in Belgium. Such findings point to the importance of considering the perceived emotional synchrony in order to provide a better understanding of lay people's psychosocial responses to terrorism and the subsequent construction of collective macro‐social phenomena in post‐terrorist contexts. - Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Volume 48, Issue 9, Page 477-487, September 2018.
  

  August 01, 2018   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12526   open full text
• Perceived acculturation preferences of minority groups and intergroup discrimination: When culture‐specific intergroup norms matter.
  Nolwenn Anier, Constantina Badea, Mickael Berthon, Serge Guimond.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 31, 2018
  --- - |2 Abstract The present research seeks to show that culture‐specific variables can moderate the impact of general determinants of intergroup discrimination, usually assumed to operate identically across cultures. The present paper reports the results of two studies testing the hypothesis that, in France, the cultural norm of new laïcité (a French‐specific ideology of secularism) can moderate the impact of the perceived host culture adoption and national identification on discrimination against immigrants. We conducted a correlational study (Study 1, N = 249) and an experiment (Study 2, N = 143) using two distinct and previously validated measures of intergroup discrimination. Results showed that the higher the perception of a norm of new laïcité, the stronger the link between host culture adoption and national identification. More specifically, among native French people, the perception of a weak host culture adoption and a weak national identification on the part of immigrants produced higher levels of discriminatory behavior especially when the intergroup norm of new laïcité was high. These studies highlight the fundamental importance of taking into account culture‐specific variables in the study of discrimination and point to the fact that, by changing the normative context, one may change intergroup behaviors. Reducing intergroup discrimination in applied settings may require targeting culture‐specific intergroup norms. - Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Volume 48, Issue 9, Page 506-518, September 2018.
  

  July 31, 2018   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12530   open full text
• So close and yet so far away: A psychological distance account of the effectiveness of leader appeals.
  Gijs van Houwelingen, Daan Stam, Steffen Giessner.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. October 05, 2017
  Contradictory recommendations persist on how leaders best communicate goals to followers. Whereas scholars of visionary leadership recommend emphasizing the desirability of preferred end‐states, scholars of goal setting argue that the perceived feasibility of a goal determines motivation. This paper proposes and tests a synthesis based on construal level theory. Under relatively high (i.e., abstract) levels of construal, such as when leader–follower distance is relatively large, leader appeals that emphasize desirability (i.e., desirable appeals) are more likely to be effective than appeals that emphasize feasibility (i.e., feasible appeals). Under relatively low (i.e., concrete) levels of construal, such as when leader–follower distance is relatively small, feasible appeals are more likely to be effective. Two experimental studies in two different countries provide support for our predictions.

  October 05, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12469   open full text
• Explaining prejudice toward the mentally ill: A test of sociopolitical, demographic, and socioeconomic factors.
  Ole J. Johansson, Jonas R. Kunst.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. October 03, 2017
  People with mental disorders often face prejudices that can further deteriorate their condition. We tested whether Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), Right‐Wing Authoritarianism (RWA), and Belief in a Just World (BJW), and characteristics of the mentally ill predict such prejudices. Both in a general population sample and a sample of health professionals and trainees, SDO, but not RWA and BJW, predicted more prejudice, although this pattern was less pronounced among health professionals/trainees. BJW interacted with the targets' gender in Study 1, predicting less empathy toward a male but not toward a female mentally ill person. In Study 2, depressed individuals were blamed more for their illness than those with schizophrenia or cancer. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.

  October 03, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12483   open full text
• Context matters: Explicit and implicit reminders of ingroup privilege increase collective guilt among foreigners in a developing country.
  Katharine H. Greenaway, Kylie Fisk, Nyla R. Branscombe.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. September 25, 2017
  We test three ways context matters in the study of intergroup inequality: where participants are approached, who interacts with participants, and how researchers ask participants questions. Regarding how, we replicate a finding that framing intergroup inequality as outgroup disadvantage rather than ingroup privilege reduces collective guilt in a novel context. Regarding where, we go beyond the laboratory to test foreigners in Nepal—a country where inequality is highly salient. Regarding who, we had participants approached by an ingroup (foreign) experimenter or an outgroup (Nepalese) experimenter. We found an outgroup disadvantage framing reduced collective guilt relative to ingroup privilege framing, but only when delivered by an ingroup member. This highlights the importance of taking where, who, and how into account to fully understand the contextual nature of intergroup emotion.

  September 25, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12482   open full text
• Group and individual stereotype threat and identity management strategies: An investigation of rugby women.
  Raphaël Laurin.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. September 03, 2017
  The aim of this study was to test the gender identification effect on the stereotype threat (ST) experience felt, and whether the individual or group ST experience influenced the identity management strategies. Ninety‐six French rugby women were asked to imagine a training situation in which they practiced rugby in the presence of men. Results showed that the group identification did not affect Individual or Group ST and that the more women feel an individual ST the more they assess men's ability positively, and the less they assesses women's ability positively and that the more they feel a group ST the more they assess the ability of women positively. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

  September 03, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12466   open full text
• To accept or not to accept a job offer: Examining inaction inertia in an organizational context.
  Christina C. Foster, Dalia L. Diab.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 24, 2017
  The purpose of this research was to investigate inaction inertia in a job offer context. Across two studies, we examined the influence of two situational factors (Study 1) and one dispositional factor (Study 2) on inaction inertia in a job offer context. Participants were asked to imagine they had to pass up an initial offer in which they were interested, but that they received a similar but less attractive offer (lower salary) later. Study 1 findings revealed participants in the loss‐framed condition were more likely to accept the second offer than participants in the neutral condition only when they were asked to imagine they were switching careers, versus being laid off. Study 2 results showed that maximizing tendency significantly and negatively predicted the likelihood to accept the second job offer. Exploratory analyses revealed that anticipated regret did not mediate the relationships between any of the factors and inaction inertia, suggesting that anticipated regret was not the causal mechanism underlying the occurrence of inaction inertia in the current research. Overall, this research shed light on the ways inaction inertia may be experienced in a job offer context.

  August 24, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12468   open full text
• Gender and leadership aspiration: Interpersonal and collective elements of cooperative climate differentially influence women and men.
  Claudia Fritz, Daan van Knippenberg.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 24, 2017
  Female leaders remain a minority. Because leadership aspiration is a predictor of advancement, understanding stimulating conditions is important. A neglected perspective is the impact of organizational climate. We propose that cooperative climate can engender individuals’ motivation to contribute to the organization through leadership, and that leadership aspiration of women and men is differentially sensitive to interpersonal and collective aspects of cooperative climate. We argue that women are more disposed toward relational self‐construal and men toward collective self‐construal, and hence women's leadership aspiration is more influenced by the interpersonal element of cooperative climate whereas men's leadership aspiration by the collective element of cooperative climate. Results of a survey of N = 404 employed men and women supported both hypotheses.

  August 24, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12462   open full text
• Weight beliefs and messages: Mindsets predict body‐shame and anti‐fat attitudes via attributions.
  Jeni L. Burnette, Crystal L. Hoyt, Carol S. Dweck, Lisa Auster‐Gussman.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 14, 2017
  In two samples (N = 247, N = 291), we examined the link between beliefs and messages about the changeable (incremental theory) vs. fixed (entity theory) nature of weight, attributions for weight, and body shame. We recruited participants using online sampling, employing a correlational design in Study 1 and an experimental design in Study 2. Across both studies, we found evidence for the stigma‐asymmetry effect—incremental, relative to entity beliefs/messages of weight predicted both (a) stronger onset responsibility attributions, indirectly increasing body shame and (b) stronger offset efficacy attributions, indirectly decreasing body shame. Study 2 replicated the stigma‐asymmetry effect with anti‐fat attitudes. We discuss implications for public health obesity messages with the goal of reducing stigma.

  August 14, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12464   open full text
• When leaders are not who they appear: The effects of leader disclosure of a concealable stigma on follower reactions.
  Gary A. Adams, Jennica R. Webster.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 14, 2017
  Two studies examined follower reactions to disclosure of concealable stigma (i.e., transgender identity) by a leader. Using 109 employed participants, Study 1 showed followers rated leaders disclosing a stigma less likable and effective. This effect was both direct and indirect through relational identification with the leader. Using 206 employed participants, Study 2 found when a leader's stigma was involuntarily found out and disclosed later they received lower ratings of likability and effectiveness compared to leaders who voluntarily came out and disclosed earlier. Method (found out vs. came out) and timing of disclosure (later vs. earlier) had direct relationships with ratings of likability and effectiveness and method of disclosure had an indirect relationship with the outcomes via relational identification.

  August 14, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12467   open full text
• Context and alcohol consumption behaviors affect inhibitory control.
  Adam W. Qureshi, Rebecca L. Monk, Charlotte R. Pennington, Xiaoyun Li, Thomas Leatherbarrow.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 09, 2017
  Contrasting the traditional focus on alcohol‐related visual images, this study examined the impact of both alcohol‐related auditory cues and visual stimuli on inhibitory control (IC). Fifty‐eight participants completed a Go/No‐Go Task, with alcohol‐related and neutral visual stimuli presented with or without short or continuous auditory bar cues. Participants performed worse when presented with alcohol‐related images and auditory cues. Problematic alcohol consumption and higher effortful control (EC) were associated with better IC performance for alcohol images. It is postulated that those with higher EC may be better able to ignore alcohol‐related stimuli, while those with problematic alcohol consumption are unconsciously less attuned to these. This runs contrary to current dogma and highlights the importance of examining both auditory and visual stimuli when investigating IC.

  August 09, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12465   open full text
• Positive and negative intergroup contact predict Black and White Americans' judgments about police violence against Black Americans.
  Lydia E. Hayward, Matthew J. Hornsey, Linda R. Tropp, Fiona Kate Barlow.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 03, 2017
  We examined whether past positive and negative interracial contact predict people's views of interracial police violence. White (N = 207) and Black (N = 116) Americans reported on their past intergroup experiences before viewing information about one of two true events involving the death of a Black man at the hands of a White police officer. For White Americans, negative contact predicted a reluctance to blame the officer and a willingness to believe that people's responses to the events involved “playing the race card.” For Black Americans, positive contact predicted marginally less officer blame and lower beliefs that the victim was racially profiled. This suggests the potential for a vicious cycle, whereby past contact experiences color perceptions of intergroup conflict in the present.

  August 03, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12463   open full text
• Looking forward to helping: The effects of prospection on prosocial intentions and behavior.
  Rachel Baumsteiger.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 01, 2017
  Three experiments were conducted to further examine how prospection (i.e., thinking about the future) fosters prosociality. In Study 1 (n = 238), participants who wrote about the future expressed significantly stronger prosocial intentions than people who wrote about the past. In a similar study (n = 87), participants who wrote about the future were significantly more likely to behave prosocially than those who wrote about the past. In Study 3 (n = 203), mediational analyses revealed that prospection and optimism each predicted positive affect, which then predicted stronger prosocial intentions. These findings extend previous work by demonstrating that prospection enhances general prosocial intentions, that this effect extends to prosocial behavior, and that the effect is partially mediated by positive affect.

  August 01, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12456   open full text
• To trust or not to trust: How self‐construal affects consumer responses to interpersonal influence.
  Wenxia Guo, Kelley Main.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 01, 2017
  Although people generally prefer persuasive messages that align with their self‐construal, the present research explores a seemingly paradoxical situation wherein mismatched message that does not align with people's self‐construal is positively received. Given sufficient cognitive capacity to trigger persuasion knowledge—the knowledge of persuasion tactics that are encountered in the marketplace, the use of an individually focused persuasion attempt on consumers with an interdependent self‐construal results in greater levels of trust in the sales agent. In contrast, consumers with an independent self‐construal respond similarly to different types of persuasion attempts. Persuasion knowledge is a mechanism for variations in trust. The findings replicate those of prior work, and the robustness of the effects is confirmed via small‐scale meta‐analysis.

  August 01, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12457   open full text
• When and how politicians' disrespect affects voters' trust in the political system: The roles of social judgments and category prototypicality.
  Christina Mölders, Niels Van Quaquebeke.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 20, 2017
  We propose that one politician's disrespectful behavior can spill over to voters' generalized judgments of politicians and thereby affect trust in the political system. We delineate the spillover effect along the basic dimensions of social judgment, communion, and agency. Moreover, we argue that any spillover effect is contingent on the focal politicians' category prototypicality, that is, their representativeness of politicians as such. Conducting an experiment (N = 392) and a field study (N = 273), we found that politicians' respect only affected trust through generalized communion ratings. This spillover only occurred if the observed politician was perceived as prototypical. Our findings provide new insights on when and how individual politicians may be able to undermine voters' trust in the political system.

  July 20, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12458   open full text
• Quick to the draw: How suspect race and socioeconomic status influences shooting decisions.
  Samantha Moore‐Berg, Andrew Karpinski, E. Ashby Plant.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 20, 2017
  We examined the role of both suspect race and socioeconomic status (SES) on shooting decisions during a first‐person shooter task. Two studies revealed that both suspect race and SES influenced shooting decisions. Non‐Black participants shot armed high‐SES Black suspects faster than armed high‐SES White suspects and responded “don't shoot” faster for unarmed high‐SES White suspects than unarmed high‐SES Black suspects. No race differences appeared in the low‐SES conditions—responses resembled high‐SES Black suspect. Signal detection, misses, and false alarm analyses revealed participants erred toward not shooting high‐SES White suspects. The current studies draw attention to considering both race and SES during shooting decisions.

  July 20, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12454   open full text
• Stereotype content of people with acquired brain injury: Warm but incompetent.
  Megan Fresson, Benoit Dardenne, Marie Geurten, Thierry Meulemans.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 20, 2017
  Since stereotypes about people with acquired brain injury (ABI) can lead to prejudice, studying these stereotypes is highly important. In two studies, we examined these stereotypes both on idiosyncratic dimensions and on the two dimensions of the Stereotype Content Model. Participants completed a specific questionnaire about ABI and warmth and competence questionnaires regarding people with ABI and other social groups. Specific stereotypes about ABI were found to be underpinned by dimensions of “cognitive impairments and ADL limitations,” “catastrophic outcomes,” and “personal and interpersonal development.” Within the model, people with ABI were seen as being warm but incompetent. The ambivalent ABI stereotype could elicit prejudicial attitudes that may impede rehabilitation.

  July 20, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12459   open full text
• Sexualized images in professional contexts: Effects on anticipated experiences and perceived climate for women and men.
  Monica Biernat, Patricia H. Hawley.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 20, 2017
  Academic conferences are important settings for socialization, scholarly engagement, and networking. Two studies explore the effects of ambient cues in such settings on women's and men's climate perceptions. Participants (undergraduates in Study 1, graduate students in Study 2) viewed a flyer advertising a professional mixer that included an eroticized image or a control image. Women and men expected a sexualized atmosphere, and women in particular anticipated lower feelings of competence and greater discomfort and objectification at the event advertised with the erotic image. The negative effect of erotic flyer exposure on competence was mediated by discomfort (Study 1) and objectification (Study 2), particularly in women. Results are interpreted in light of pipeline leakage and women's success in the Academy.

  July 20, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12461   open full text
• Sorry seems to be the hardest word: Cultural differences in apologizing effectively.
  Saïd Shafa, Fieke Harinck, Naomi Ellemers.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 20, 2017
  Apologies can have desirable effects on the reduction of anger and may foster forgiveness. Yet, we know little about the effectiveness of apologies across different cultures. In this research, we distinguished two important components of apologies: admission of blame by the self and the expression of remorse for the plight of the other. We investigated how these two components resonate with cultural values associated with dignity and honor. Results revealed that although an apology increased forgiveness in both cultures, honor‐culture members tended to forgive less and retaliate more than dignity‐culture members, after an apology. This cultural difference was mediated by the extent to which honor‐culture (vs. dignity‐culture) members perceived the apology to express (less) remorse and thus be (less) sincere.

  July 20, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12460   open full text
• Stereotype content and social distancing from employees with mental illness: The moderating roles of gender and social dominance orientation.
  Kayla B. Follmer, Kisha S. Jones.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 12, 2017
  Mental illness is increasingly prevalent among employees, but little is known about how these individuals are perceived at work. Using the stereotype content model as a framework, we investigated warmth and competence stereotypes associated with employees with anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder. Employees with these disorders were perceived to be low in warmth and competence, and stereotypes about individuals with anxiety were relatively more positive than those with depression or bipolar. This study also proposed and tested the extent to which stereotypes predicted work‐related social distancing intentions. We found that two characteristics moderated this relationship: gender and social dominance orientation. We discuss practical and theoretical implications as they pertain to improving the experiences and well‐being of employees with mental illness.

  July 12, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12455   open full text
• Prevention is better than cure: Addressing anti‐vaccine conspiracy theories.
  Daniel Jolley, Karen M. Douglas.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. June 28, 2017
  The current research tested if explicit anti‐conspiracy arguments could be an effective method of addressing the potentially harmful effects of anti‐vaccine conspiracy theories. In two studies, participants were presented with anti‐conspiracy arguments either before, or after reading arguments in favor of popular conspiracy theories concerning vaccination. In both studies, anti‐conspiracy arguments increased intentions to vaccinate a fictional child but only when presented prior to conspiracy theories. This effect was mediated by belief in anti‐vaccine conspiracy theories and the perception that vaccines are dangerous. These findings suggest that people can be inoculated against the potentially harmful effects of anti‐vaccine conspiracy theories, but that once they are established, the conspiracy theories may be difficult to correct.

  June 28, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12453   open full text
• Regulatory mode and willingness to increase retirement savings contributions.
  Hyungsoo Kim, Serah Shin, Claudia J. Heath, Qun Zhang, E. Tory Higgins.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. June 28, 2017
  This study examined how two self‐regulatory modes, locomotion and assessment, relate to the willingness to increase retirement savings. Locomotion is concerned with making things happen (“just do it”). Assessment is concerned with critical evaluation (“do the right thing”). We hypothesized that individuals who score high (vs. low) in locomotion, but not those who score high (vs. low) in assessment, would be more willing to increase their savings for retirement. In addition, because high (vs. low) assessment can lead to doing the right thing in terms of seeking to maximize economic returns, we hypothesized that combining high locomotion with high assessment would especially motivate willingness to increase retirement savings. We found support for both hypotheses from a survey of university employees.

  June 28, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12450   open full text
• The effects of group memberships of victims and perpetrators in humanly caused disasters on charitable donations to victims.
  Trevor Keith James, Hanna Zagefka.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. June 27, 2017
  The effects of group memberships of disaster victims and perpetrators on charitable donations were measured. In Study 1 (N = 92), victim group membership was experimentally varied to demonstrate an ingroup bias. In Study 2 (N = 84), a similar bias was demonstrated by varying perpetrator group membership. In Study 3 (N = 182), both victim and perpetrator group memberships were assessed. Perpetrator group membership interacted with victim group membership. Moreover, donations were highest when both victims and perpetrators shared a group membership. These effects were mediated by empathy with the victims, and perceived responsibility of the donor to intervene and aid the victim. Findings show that a salient perpetrator group can be harnessed to encourage helping of disaster victims.

  June 27, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12452   open full text
• Need for closure and reactions to innovation.
  Marina Chernikova, Arie Kruglanski, Dino Giovannini, Loris Vezzali, Junjie Su.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. June 23, 2017
  In two studies using Italian (N = 852) and American (N = 94) samples, we hypothesized that high NFC individuals would have lower intentions to use new technological developments, and that this relationship would be mediated by anxiety about the new technology. We found support for this hypothesis in Study 1, but not Study 2. In the second study, we found that the closed‐mindedness subscale of the full NFC scale was related to greater anxiety about new technology, which in turn led to lower intentions to use the new technology. This suggests that the closed‐mindedness facet of NFC may have been responsible for our results. A meta‐analytic synthesis of both studies provided some support for our original mediation hypothesis.

  June 23, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12451   open full text
• Reducing perceived social loafing in virtual teams: The effect of team feedback with guided reflexivity.
  Vicente Peñarroja, Virginia Orengo, Ana Zornoza.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 24, 2017
  The aim of this study was twofold. The first aim was to study the effect of an intervention combining team feedback and guided reflexivity on virtual teams' affective outcomes. The second was to examine the mediating role of perceived social loafing in this relationship. An experimental laboratory study was carried out with 54 teams randomly assigned to an experimental condition or a control condition. Results showed that this intervention had an effect on satisfaction with the result, but not on group cohesion and satisfaction with the team. Moreover, perceived social loafing fully mediated the effect of this intervention on group cohesion and partially mediated its effect on satisfaction with the team and the result.

  May 24, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12449   open full text
• An exploratory study of the relations between women miners' gender‐based workplace issues and their mental health and job satisfaction.
  Mark Rubin, Emina Subasic, Anna Giacomini, Stefania Paolini.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 14, 2017
  The current study investigated the extent to which gender‐based workplace issues were associated with women miners' mental health and job satisfaction. Participants were 263 women miners from Australian and other international mines sites owned by an Australian‐based mining company. They completed an online survey that contained measures of gender‐based workplace issues, mental health, and job satisfaction. An exploratory factor analysis identified three higher‐order factors: organizational sexism, interpersonal sexism, and sense of belonging. Both organizational and interpersonal sexism were positive independent predictors of mental health and job satisfaction. In addition, sense of belonging mediated the associations between organizational sexism and (a) mental health and (b) job satisfaction. Potential strategies for reducing organizational and interpersonal sexism and increasing women's sense of belonging are considered.

  May 14, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12448   open full text
• The subjective group dynamics in negative campaigns.
  Silvia Russo.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 08, 2017
  I relied on the subjective group dynamics framework to analyse the derogation of inparty candidates involved in negative campaigns. In an experimental study (dynamic simulation of an electoral campaign, N = 118), I found that participants downgraded the inparty candidate (both in terms of evaluation and vote choice) more when he ran a person‐based negative campaign than when he ran an issue‐based negative campaign. This effect was significant for participants with high levels of political identification only. Overall, the findings revealed that political candidates, as members of significant social groups, are not exempt from the forms of extremity in evaluations typically observed in other social groups.

  May 08, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12447   open full text
• Leveraging communal experiences in the curriculum: Increasing interest in pursuing engineering by changing stereotypic expectations.
  Aimee L. Belanger, Amanda B. Diekman, Mia Steinberg.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 03, 2017
  The goal congruity perspective suggests that students may not enter engineering, in part, because they believe engineering is unlikely to fulfill communal, other‐oriented goals. Increasing beliefs that engineering fulfills communal goals can increase engineering interest. We examine how actual and expected communal experiences in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) shape engineering interest. Study 1 demonstrates that past communal STEM experiences predict greater beliefs that engineering fulfills communal goals and positive engineering attitudes. Using experimental methods, studies 2 and 3 demonstrate that including a service‐learning project in an engineering course description increases beliefs that the course fulfills communal goals and course interest. These findings suggest that communal STEM experiences, and service learning in particular, can increase interest and participation in engineering.

  May 03, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12438   open full text
• Think manager—think male, think follower—think female: Gender bias in implicit followership theories.
  Stephan Braun, Sebastian Stegmann, Alina S. Hernandez Bark, Nina M. Junker, Rolf van Dick.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. April 25, 2017
  Because of the overlap between the social roles of women and followers, we predicted that people would show a bias, that is, favor female followers over male followers. To support this hypothesis, we conducted two studies: An explicit test of the bias using a scenario design and an implicit association test (IAT)‐based study. Both studies show that the role of an ideal follower is more strongly associated with the female gender role, which seems to be caused partly by a more communal connotation of the follower role. This effect might contribute to the underrepresentation of women in leadership positions as they are perceived to be an ideal fit for followership positions; but it may also push men away from being followers and into leadership positions.

  April 25, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12445   open full text
• Prejudice, polyculturalism, and the influence of contact and moral exclusion: A comparison of responses toward LGBI, TI, and refugee groups.
  Esther Healy, Emma Thomas, Anne Pedersen.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. April 11, 2017
  Prejudice toward marginalized groups is recognized as a complex and harmful social issue. The present study investigates the role of polyculturalism in undermining prejudice toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex people and refugees. A pilot study (N = 76) compared participants' prejudice, contact, and moral exclusion toward lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) and transgender or intersex (TI) people. There were differences for three out of four variables; thus, LGB and TI variables were separated in the study proper (N = 154). In this study, we investigated moral exclusion and contact (quantity and quality) relating to LGB, TI, and refugee groups as simultaneous mediators of the relationship between polyculturalism and prejudice, while taking into account openness as per previous research. Structural equation modeling indicated that moral exclusion and contact quality acted as mediators between polyculturalism and prejudice for LGB people, TI people, and refugees.

  April 11, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12446   open full text
• Self‐affirmation, political value congruence, and support for refugees.
  Constantina Badea, Jean‐Louis Tavani, Mark Rubin, Thierry Meyer.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. April 10, 2017
  This research tested the potential for self‐affirmation on left‐ and right‐wing political values to increase behavioral intentions to provide help and assistance to refugees. We present a pilot study defining left‐ and right‐wing values, and a main study in which participants completed either a self‐affirmation task, a group‐affirmation task, or participated in a control condition on values that were either congruent or incongruent with their own political views. Results show that left‐wing oriented participants showed more supportive intentions in the self‐affirmation condition compared to the group‐affirmation and control conditions, independent of values congruency. In contrast, right‐wing participants showed more supportive intentions in the self‐affirmation condition, but only when they affirmed on values that were congruent with their own political views.

  April 10, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12441   open full text
• A field experiment: Testing the potential of norms for achieving behavior change in English parishes.
  Julie Van de Vyver, Peter John.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. April 10, 2017
  Tests of behavioral insights have become increasingly more common, and have been deployed by UK government and agencies. Typically, these field experiments aim to change individual‐level behaviors. The current article tests the potential of behavioral insights for changing group‐level behavior. This article reports the results of a field experiment carried out with the Department of Communities and Local Government. The field experiment tested whether a normative message (vs. a neutral or no message) could encourage parish councils to register an asset of community value (social action). There was no statistically significant effect from this intervention, but the process of designing and implementing this field experiment shows the potential for theories of behavior change to be used by government departments.

  April 10, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12443   open full text
• Incremental theories of weight and healthy eating behavior.
  Joyce Ehrlinger, Jeni L. Burnette, Jina Park, Mycah L. Harrold, Kasey Orvidas.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. April 07, 2017
  We examined whether a belief in weight as malleable (an incremental theory) leads to healthier eating than a belief that weight is fixed (an entity theory). Participants with incremental theories of weight consumed fewer calories from high‐calorie foods in a lab‐based taste‐test than did those with more entity theories of weight. This pattern held correlationally, with naturally occurring theories of weight (Study 1), and when we experimentally manipulated participants’ theories of weight (Study 2). A third study provided evidence that differences in self‐efficacy regarding food mediate the relationship between theories of weight and eating behavior (Study 3). One way to encourage healthy eating might be to develop interventions that encourage more incremental views of weight.

  April 07, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12439   open full text
• Explaining individuals' justification of layoffs.
  Manuela Richter, Cornelius J. König.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. March 28, 2017
  This research addresses why organizational downsizing, given its adverse impact on both organizations and individuals, continues to be a popular management practice. Drawing on system justification theory, we argue that individuals justify downsizing to preserve the legitimacy of the prevailing social‐political system. Across two studies, we surveyed a total of 527 employees and examined whether the perceived likelihood of downsizing, past experiences of layoffs, and the anticipation of future layoffs enhance individuals' justification of downsizing. We also took into account cognitive and motivational biases for justifying the status quo. Our results indicate that individuals' motivation to defend and justify downsizing may strengthen its stability within society, even though implications are largely negative for those involved.

  March 28, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12442   open full text
• Socially creative appraisals of rejection bolster ethnic migrants' subjective well‐being.
  Chuma K. Owuamalam, Stefania Paolini, Mark Rubin.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. March 28, 2017
  We examined a proposition based on social identity theory that socially creative appraisals of rejection can boost the well‐being of strongly identifying ethnic migrants. We piloted this proposition amongst women (N = 80) and found that strong (but not weak) group identifiers who considered the positive views that society holds about their social identity reported higher subjective wellbeing (self‐esteem) relative to those who dwelt on rejection. In a subsequent field experiment (N = 179) conducted amongst ethnic migrants in London, we added a further social creativity treatment in which participants were encouraged to consider how they would view immigrants if they were native British (accommodation). Results revealed that the two social creativity mindsets (accommodation and positive) combined: (a) reduced perceptions of social rejection and increased optimism over the openness and fairness of society relative to a rejection mindset, (b) enhanced the self‐esteem of strongly (but not weakly) identified ethnic migrants, and (c) enhanced ethnic migrant's wellbeing by minimizing the recall of social rejection and by strengthening optimism over the host society's openness and fairness. Implications for social change are discussed.

  March 28, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12444   open full text
• The effect of pictorial content on attention levels and alcohol‐related beliefs: An eye‐tracking study.
  R. L. Monk, J. Westwood, D. Heim, A. W. Qureshi.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. March 27, 2017
  To examine attention levels to different types of alcohol warning labels. Twenty‐two participants viewed neutral or graphic warning messages while dwell times for text and image components of messages were assessed. Pre and postexposure outcome expectancies were assessed in order to compute change scores. Dwell times were significantly higher for the image, as opposed to the text, components of warnings, irrespective of image type. Participants whose expectancies increased after exposure to the warnings spent longer looking at the image than did those whose positive expectancies remained static or decreased. Images in alcohol warnings appear beneficial for drawing attention, although findings may suggest that this is also associated with heightened positive alcohol‐related beliefs. Implications for health intervention are discussed and future research in this area is recommended.

  March 27, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12432   open full text
• Imagined contact can be more effective for participants with stronger initial prejudices.
  Keon West, Victoria Hotchin, Chantelle Wood.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. March 15, 2017
  Imagined contact is an intervention that combines the prejudice‐reduction of intergroup contact with the easy, low‐risk application of imagery‐based techniques. Accordingly, it can be applied where direct contact is difficult or risky. However, a possible limitation of imagined contact is that it may not be effective for participants with stronger initial prejudices, which would limit its usefulness and application. Two experiments (N1 = 103, N2 = 95) investigated whether initial prejudice moderated imagined contact's effects on explicit attitudes, behavioral intentions (Experiment 1), implicit attitudes, and petition‐signing behaviors (Experiment 2) toward two different outgroups. In both experiments, imagined contact was more effective when initial prejudice was higher. Implications for imagined contact theory and application are discussed.

  March 15, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12437   open full text
• Reducing workplace bias toward people with disabilities with the use of imagined contact.
  Maria Nivalda de Carvalho‐Freitas, Sofia Stathi.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. March 06, 2017
  In this research we test the effectiveness of imagined intergroup contact as an intervention that improves attitudes toward people with disabilities in organizational settings. We conducted two experimental studies with the aim of examining the bias‐reduction effects of imagined contact on attitudes toward people with disabilities. Furthermore, we examined how imagined contact can be most effective in improving attitudes in work situations. Both studies yielded evidence that the imagined contact intervention significantly impacted on two dependent variables: expected work‐related outcomes and support for the rights of people with disabilities, via enhancing the belief in performance level. We discuss the results in the context of developing effective and accessible intervention tools, which can be used in workplace trainings, and can promote anti‐discriminatory policies in organizations.

  March 06, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12435   open full text
• Does paternalistic leadership promote innovative behavior? The interaction between authoritarianism and benevolence.
  Qing Tian, Juan I. Sanchez.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. March 05, 2017
  We theorize about the separate and interactive effects of the two primary elements of paternalistic leadership: authoritarianism and benevolence. Accordingly, we test a mediating mechanism through which these components of paternalistic leadership stimulate employee innovative and knowledge‐sharing behaviors. A multi‐source and multi‐level study involving 302 employee‐supervisor‐peer triads in 60 Chinese technology‐based organizations supported the association between the interaction of benevolent and authoritarian leadership and employee affective trust, innovative behavior, and knowledge sharing. Moreover, affective trust mediated the interaction of benevolence and authoritarianism on employee innovative behavior and knowledge sharing. We suggest that, the two constructs underlying paternalistic leadership might promote employee breakthrough behaviors across cultures. That is, their demanding and yet selfless stance turns authoritarian‐benevolent leaders into prototypes of the followers' aspirational social identity.

  March 05, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12431   open full text
• Stereotype‐based judgments of child welfare issues in cases of parent criminality.
  Alison E. F. Benbow, Stefan Stürmer.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. February 26, 2017
  Approximately 2.5 million children in the European Union and the United States have incarcerated parents, the vast majority of which are fathers. Three experiments modeled on real legal cases (total N = 881) investigated how parent gender affects decisions regarding contact between incarcerated parents and their children. Results showed that measures facilitating relationship maintenance in relevant domains (sentence length, visitation rights, and alleviating postsentencing conditions) were supported less when they involved a father despite identical prior information about the legal case. Mediation analyses suggest two distinct processes explaining these disparities: participants' crime‐related attributions, and their stereotypical expectations about the different familial roles of mothers and fathers. Practical implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.

  February 26, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12436   open full text
• Healthy eating: A beneficial role for perceived norm conflict?
  Stefanie Elaine Plows, Francine D. Smith, Joanne R. Smith, Cassandra M. Chapman, Stephen T. La Macchia, Winnifred R. Louis.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. February 21, 2017
  Normative influence on dietary decision making was assessed as a function of the referent informational influence model within an extended theory of planned behavior framework. In a longitudinal design, university students (N = 141) completed measures of attitudes, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, referent group norms, and intentions toward healthy eating, with healthy eating behavior reported 2 weeks later (n = 82). A distinction was made between injunctive and descriptive norms, in line with norm focus theory. The extended theory of planned behavior and referent informational influence models were partially supported. An interaction between group injunctive and descriptive norms emerged such that misaligned group norms were associated with healthier eating behavior than aligned group norms (both supportive and unsupportive). Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.

  February 21, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12430   open full text
• Follower moral reasoning influences perceptions of transformational leadership behavior.
  Andrew M. Naber, Richard G. Moffett.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. February 20, 2017
  Transformational leadership reflects charismatic, but ethical, influence on followers. However, leadership ultimately occurs through the perceptual and attribution processes within followers. Accordingly, the perception and evaluation of transformational leadership is likely to be influenced by followers' moral reasoning, which is the ability that allows individuals to identify and interpret ethically‐salient issues in social environments. As predicted by social‐cognitive principles of self‐schemas, observers' moral reasoning positively related to the perception and positive evaluation of transformational leadership behavior, but not to positive affective reactions towards that behavior. These same relationships did not occur for the perception and evaluation of transactional leadership behavior. Implications for whistle‐blowing behavior, organizational ethics, and the measurement of transformational leadership are discussed.

  February 20, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12427   open full text
• Self‐other decision‐making differences in loss aversion: A regulatory focus perspective.
  Hongrui Liu, Ling Wang, Meilin Yao, Hang Yang, Dongmei Wang.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. February 20, 2017
  Drawing on a cultural perspective, we examined whether differences in self‐other decision making documented in the West can be replicated in an Eastern context. Study 1 revealed that Chinese participants showed self‐other decision‐making differences in loss aversion similar to those observed in Western participants; loss aversion differed depending on the type of decision recipient, and trait regulatory focus moderated the self‐other decision‐making difference. Study 2 found a mediating effect of situational prevention but not promotion focus on the relationship between decision makers’ roles and loss aversion. Furthermore, both studies revealed that participants did not show a preference for loss aversion, suggesting that the baseline of self‐other decision‐making differences has shifted in China compared to the West.

  February 20, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12426   open full text
• Dehumanizing but competent: The impact of gender, illness type, and emotional expressiveness on patient perceptions of doctors.
  Samantha M. Adams, Trevor I. Case, Julie Fitness, Richard J. Stevenson.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. February 17, 2017
  This study is the first attempt to investigate men's and women's anticipated reactions to a consultation with a doctor holding either a dehumanizing or humanistic approach to patient treatment. Participants (N = 375) read a vignette depicting a doctor's treatment philosophy—emphasizing either the metaphor of the body as a machine (dehumanizing condition) or emphasizing individual humanness (humanizing condition). They then imagined consulting the doctor about a psychological or physical illness. Although, medical dehumanization had undesirable consequences, some men rated the dehumanizing doctor as more competent than the humanizing doctor. These were men who were (a) emotionally expressive and seeking help for a psychological illness, and (b) men low in emotional expressiveness seeking help for a physical illness.

  February 17, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12433   open full text
• Developmental trajectories to heroin dependence: Theoretical and clinical issues.
  Shane Darke, Michelle Torok, Joanne Ross.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. February 17, 2017
  We have built up a great deal of insight into the early developmental trajectories that lead to heroin use. These cluster under five domains: social disadvantage, parental drug use/psychopathology, childhood abuse and neglect, early onset psychopathology and antisocial behaviors, and a developmental sequence of drug onsets. While not all heroin users have these risk factors, the broad clinical picture shows these early correlates to be the predominant presentation. We discuss each of the early psychosocial correlates of heroin dependence, as well as possible early interventions. Given the chronicity of heroin dependence, interventions to prevent heroin use emerging would reduce the considerable burden of disease associated with the disorder.

  February 17, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12434   open full text
• From “I” to “We”: Different forms of identity, emotion, and belief predict victim support volunteerism among nominal and active supporters.
  Emma F. Thomas, Lisa Rathmann, Craig McGarty.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. February 01, 2017
  Understanding how to attract and maintain volunteers is crucial for the operation of victim support organizations. We propose that volunteerism can be understood in a similar way as collective action. Active (N = 99) and nominal supporters (N = 134) completed measures of identities (personal, social, and organizational), emotions (sympathy, outrage, and pride), and efficacy beliefs (self‐, group, and organizational). The results revealed a different pattern of predictors of volunteerism for the two samples. Among nominal supporters, commitment to volunteerism was predicted by personal identity (“I”), sympathy, and self‐efficacy; among the actively engaged, volunteerism was predicted by social identity (“we”), outrage, and self‐efficacy. These results suggest that engagement with volunteerism is associated with qualitatively different processes for those nominally versus actively supportive of volunteer efforts.

  February 01, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12428   open full text
• Internet and Facebook related images affect the perception of time.
  Lazaros Gonidis, Dinkar Sharma.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. January 25, 2017
  Even though there is a wealth of research on addiction and implicit measures, the effects of addiction on time perception are still unclear. Internal clock models separate the effects of attention and arousal which could have important implications for addiction research. This study investigated whether Internet related stimuli can lead to distorted time perception. We found evidence that Internet and Facebook related stimuli can distort time perception due to attention and arousal related mechanisms. This highlights that Facebook related stimuli lead to an overestimation of time compared to Internet related stimuli, and both Facebook and Internet related stimuli were associated with better discriminability of time compared to matched neutral stimuli. Implications of these findings on addiction are discussed.

  January 25, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12429   open full text
• “Is it me or should my friends take the credit?” The role of social networks and social identity in recovery from addiction.
  Ramez Bathish, David Best, Michael Savic, Melinda Beckwith, Jock Mackenzie, Dan I. Lubman.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. January 20, 2017
  This study explored the role of social network and social identity factors in recovery from addiction. The sample consisted of 537 individuals who completed a survey about their experiences of recovery. Results indicated that the transition from addiction to recovery was characterized by an increase in social connectedness and changes in social network composition coupled with the emergence of a “recovery” identity. These factors accounted for 14% of the variance in quality of life when controlling for known predictors, accounting for a greater proportion of variance than substance use variables. Results suggest that recovery from addiction can be understood as a socially mediated transition characterized by social network and social identity change, which drive broader improvements in quality of life.

  January 20, 2017   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12420   open full text
• Receipt of interpersonal citizenship: fostering agentic emotion, cognition, and action in organizations.
  Dana Kabat‐Farr, Lilia M. Cortina.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. December 21, 2016
  With an eye to fostering an energized and empowered workforce, we explore the discrete emotion of self‐assurance (characterized by boldness, pride, and audacity), investigating how receipt of interpersonal citizenship behavior (ICB) fuels this agentic emotion. ICB includes acts of everyday concern that may be of a person‐ or task‐focused nature. With two survey samples, we propose and test a model that situates self‐assurance as a mechanism linking ICB‐receipt to employee thriving and empowerment. Additionally, we find links to citizenship enactment, as reported by coworkers. Notably, person‐focused ICB‐receipt may be just as beneficial to self‐assurance as task‐focused ICB‐receipt. These results hold equally for working women and men. Our multi‐study, multi‐source results underscore the role of agentic emotion in cultivating a proactive workforce.

  December 21, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12421   open full text
• Task context changes: teams’ maladaptive responses to unanticipated change.
  Gamze Koseoglu, Christina E. Shalley, Benjamin Herndon.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. December 21, 2016
  Understanding how teams are affected by and adapt to unexpected change is critical to maximizing team effectiveness. We explore the perspective that rather than being adaptive, how teams experience relativistic adjustments in pacing can actually undermine team creative processes and performance. We test our hypotheses in two experimental studies. Study 1 considers how teams experience change in the time available to complete the task, while Study 2 employs a change in workload. Results support that the deviating patterns of task pacing exhibited by teams responding to an unexpected exogenous change undermines effective team creative processes, leading to lower levels of creative performance. In addition, their effects differ by when the change occurs in the teams’ work process (i.e., earlier, midpoint, or later).

  December 21, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12424   open full text
• Direct, extended, and mass‐mediated contact with immigrants in Italy: their associations with emotions, prejudice, and humanity perceptions.
  Emilio Paolo Visintin, Alberto Voci, Lisa Pagotto, Miles Hewstone.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. December 21, 2016
  Two correlational studies investigated the associations between different forms of intergroup contact, on the one hand, and Italians' prejudice and humanity attributions toward immigrants in Italy, on the other. Study 1 examined the effects of direct contact, extended contact, and parasocial contact through mass‐media, assessing separately contact through TV news and newspapers and contact through entertainment programs. Study 2 analyzed the distinct effects of positive and negative episodes of the contact forms considered in Study 1. Across the studies, we tested the mediational role of intergroup anxiety, empathy, and trust. Overall, results showed the importance of taking into account different forms of contact and considering the emotional processes during contact experiences to understand intergroup attitudes.

  December 21, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12423   open full text
• Development and validation of the predrinking motives questionnaire.
  Florian Labhart, Emmanuel Kuntsche.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. December 13, 2016
  Elaborating on instruments for U.S. university students, we developed and validated the predrinking (drinking before going out) motives questionnaire (PMQ) for general populations of young adults. In popular nightlife areas in Switzerland, 316 predrinkers aged 16–25 (48% women) were recruited. Focus group interviews and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded a three‐factor measure, with a structure that was invariant across linguistic regions, gender, age, and student status. “Fun/intoxication” motives were associated with predrinking but “conviviality” and “facilitation” motives were not. Men scored higher on “facilitation” than women and those from the French‐speaking region scored higher on “conviviality” than German‐speaking participants. Although yet to be replicated in other countries, the PMQ appears to be an appropriate general measure of predrinking motives.

  December 13, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12419   open full text
• Testing a contact intervention based on intergroup friendship between Roma and non‐Roma Hungarians: reducing bias through institutional support in a non‐supportive societal context.
  Anna Kende, Linda Tropp, Nóra Anna Lantos.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. December 09, 2016
  Although intergroup friendships have been shown to reduce prejudice, little research has considered whether interventions fostering intergroup friendship would be effective in highly prejudicial contexts. We conducted a quasi‐experiment (N = 61) to test whether a contact‐based intervention based on intergroup friendship could reduce bias against Roma people among non‐Roma Hungarians. Participants in the contact condition engaged in a face‐to‐face interaction with a Roma person, and responded to questions involving mutual self‐disclosure. Through pre‐ and post‐test questionnaires, we observed significant positive change in attitudes and contact intentions among participants in the contact condition, while these effects were not observed among participants in the control condition. Positive change was moderated by perceived institutional norms, which corroborates the potential of contact‐based interventions.

  December 09, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12422   open full text
• Productive procrastination: academic procrastination style predicts academic and alcohol outcomes.
  Erin C. Westgate, Stephanie V. Wormington, Kathryn C. Oleson, Kristen P. Lindgren.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. November 21, 2016
  Productive procrastination replaces one adaptive behavior with another adaptive—albeit less important—behavior (e.g., organizing notes instead of studying for an exam). We identified adaptive and maladaptive procrastination styles associated with academic and alcohol outcomes in 1,106 college undergraduates. Cluster analysis identified five academic procrastination styles—non‐procrastinators, academic productive procrastinators, non‐academic productive procrastinators, non‐academic procrastinators, and classic procrastinators. Procrastination style differentially predicted alcohol‐related problems, cravings, risk of alcohol use disorders, and grade point average (all ps < .01). Non‐procrastination and academic productive procrastination were most adaptive overall; non‐academic productive procrastination, non‐academic procrastination, and classic procrastination were least adaptive. Productive procrastination differed from other procrastination strategies, and maladaptive procrastination styles may be a useful risk indicator for preventative and intervention efforts.

  November 21, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12417   open full text
• Dyads experience over confidence in hand‐eye coordination skills after placebo alcohol.
  Daniel Frings, Ian P. Albery, Kimberly Rolph, Anna Leczfalvy, Stefan Smaczny, Antony C. Moss.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. November 14, 2016
  An experiment tested the effects of dyad membership and the prospect of completing a motor‐skills task on alcohol placebo consumption and task confidence. Participants (n = 115) completed a taste preference task while alone or in dyads. Half the individuals and half the dyads expected to subsequently complete a motor‐skills task and rated task confidence pre and post‐consumption. Individuals expecting the task consumed less than those in the non‐task condition and felt less confident in their abilities post‐consumption. Among those expecting the task, dyad members' consumption did not reduce and their post‐consumption confidence was higher than individuals'. Findings suggest dyad membership can lead to overconfidence. Attempts to reduce alcohol related harms must balance the protective properties of dyads with risks of overconfidence.

  November 14, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12418   open full text
• Mastery goal orientation and cognitive ability effects on performance in learner‐guided training.
  Sarah N. Guarino, Victoria L. Whitaker, Dustin K. Jundt.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. November 14, 2016
  To conserve resources, organizations are increasingly turning to learner‐guided training methods in which workers are given control over when, how, and what they cover in the learning process. However, the impact of individual differences such as goal orientation and cognitive ability has not been adequately addressed in learner‐guided training. This study seeks to advance our knowledge of how these differences affect performance through previously unexplored pathways. Specifically, we examined the indirect effects of mastery goal orientation and cognitive ability on post‐training performance in a learner‐directed training context. Findings indicate that off‐task thoughts mediate the positive effect of mastery goal orientation on post‐training performance, while declarative knowledge mediates the positive effect of cognitive ability on post‐training performance.

  November 14, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12414   open full text
• The variable nature of cognitive control in a university sample of young adult drinkers.
  Dinkar Sharma.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. November 02, 2016
  The current study investigates the effect of task‐irrelevant alcohol distractors on cognitive control and its interaction with heavy/light drinking in a group of young adult drinkers. It was hypothesised that alcohol distractors would result in a reduction of proactive control (reduced conflict adaptation) especially in heavy drinkers. 60 participants took part in a face‐word version of the Stroop task preceded by an alcohol or neutral image. Light drinkers only showed a congruency effect which indicated a greater level of proactive control. Heavy drinkers showed a greater level of reactive control in which the conflict adaptation effect occurred with neutral images but not with alcohol images. Possible explanations are discussed.

  November 02, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12416   open full text
• Cross‐group friendships and outgroup attitudes among Turkish–Kurdish ethnic groups: does perceived interethnic conflict moderate the friendship‐attitude link?
  Sabahat C. Bagci, Elif Çelebi.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. October 21, 2016
  We investigated associations between cross‐group friendships, perceived interethnic conflict, and outgroup attitudes in the context of intractable Turkish–Kurdish conflict in Turkey. Measures of cross‐group friendship quantity, perceived conflict, outgroup attitudes, multiculturalism, and outgroup responsibility for conflict were completed by Turkish (N = 320) and Kurdish (N = 153) participants (Mage = 21, 156 males, 317 females). Both cross‐group friendships and perceived conflict were related to outcome variables. While cross‐group friendships were beneficial for both groups’ outgroup attitudes when perceived conflict was lower; when perceived conflict level was higher, positive associations between friendships and attitudes became non‐significant for the Turkish group and negative for the Kurdish group. Implications of the findings for the intergroup contact theory have been discussed.

  October 21, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12413   open full text
• A comparison of race‐related pain stereotypes held by White and Black individuals.
  Nicole A. Hollingshead, Samantha M. Meints, Megan M. Miller, Michael E. Robinson, Adam T. Hirsh.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. October 17, 2016
  Pain judgments are the basis for pain management. The purpose of this study was to assess Black and White participants' race‐related pain stereotypes. Undergraduates (n = 551) rated the pain sensitivity and willingness to report pain for the typical Black person, White person, and themselves. Participants, regardless of race, rated the typical White person as being more pain sensitive and more willing to report pain than the typical Black person. White participants rated themselves as less sensitive and less willing to report pain than same‐race peers; however, Black participants rated themselves as more pain sensitive and more willing to report pain than same‐race peers. These findings highlight similarities and differences in racial stereotypic pain beliefs held by Black and White individuals.

  October 17, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12415   open full text
• Understanding emotion in context: how the Boston marathon bombings altered the impact of anger on threat perception.
  Jolie Baumann Wormwood, Anna E. Neumann, Lisa Feldman Barrett, Karen S. Quigley.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. September 29, 2016
  Three studies examine the impact of an anger manipulation on threat perception among Northeastern University students after the Boston Marathon bombings. Data collection for one experiment began within 24 hours of the bombings. Results suggest that the impact of anger on threat perception differed during the week of the bombings compared to 1 and 5 months later. During the week of the bombings only, participants experiencing anger were less sensitive to the distinction between threats and nonthreats, and more biased toward perceiving all stimuli as threatening relative to control participants. We discuss potential mechanisms for these effects and the need for more rapid response research in the wake of incidents of mass violence.

  September 29, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12412   open full text
• Predicting sleep hygiene: a reasoned action approach.
  Michael J. Tagler, Kathleen A. Stanko, Johnathan D. Forbey.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. September 26, 2016
  Poor and insufficient sleep causes physical, cognitive, emotional, and social impairments. Unfortunately, little is known about the social‐cognitive predictors of daily sleep habits. The current study examined if sleep hygiene could be predicted using the Reasoned Action Model (Fishbein & Ajzen, ). Across four studies, the model performed well for the prediction of intentions (R2s = .63–.75), and also significantly predicted both self‐reported (R2 = .15) and actigraphy‐recorded sleep duration (R2 = .11). The results from these studies support the further use of the model toward the goal of designing effective sleep hygiene interventions.

  September 26, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12411   open full text
• Moderating effects of harasser status and target gender on the relationship between unwanted sexual attention and overall job satisfaction.
  Heather M. Clarke, Dianne P. Ford, Lorne M. Sulsky.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. September 22, 2016
  Despite a vast body of literature evidencing the negative effects of workplace sexual harassment it remains unclear whether sexual harassment experienced by the target is worse when the harasser is a supervisor, rather than a coworker. With a scenario‐based experimental study we examined whether targets harassed by their supervisor would experience greater decreases in overall job satisfaction than those targeted by a coworker. Results suggested that harasser status moderated the effects of sexual harassment on overall job satisfaction but only for female targets. Further, the effect of supervisor harassment on job satisfaction was mediated by interpersonal justice perceptions.

  September 22, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12408   open full text
• Still standing out: children's names in the United States during the Great Recession and correlations with economic indicators.
  Jean M. Twenge, Lauren Dawson, W. Keith Campbell.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. September 20, 2016
  Continuing a long‐standing trend in the U.S. Social Security Administration database of first names (N = 358 million), American parents were less likely to choose common names for their children between 2004 and 2015, including the years of the Great Recession (2008–2010). These trends were similar in California (severely affected by the recession) and Texas (less affected). Over a longer time period (1901–2015), cyclical economic indicators were either not correlated with common names (e.g., stock market performance) or worse economic times predicted fewer common names. The results are consistent with increasing individualism, with limited support for the idea that economic threat leads people to embrace uniqueness and no real support for the idea that economic deprivation leads to more communal name choices.

  September 20, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12409   open full text
• Enhancing feedback and improving feedback: subjective perceptions, psychological consequences, behavioral outcomes.
  Constantine Sedikides, Michelle A. Luke, Erica G. Hepper.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. September 12, 2016
  Three experiments examined subjective perceptions, psychological consequences, and behavioral outcomes of enhancing versus improving feedback. Across experiments, feedback delivery and assessment were sequential (i.e., at each testing juncture) or cumulative (i.e., at the end of the testing session). Although enhancing feedback was seen as more satisfying than useful, and improving feedback was not seen as more useful than satisfying, perceptions differed as a function of short‐term versus long‐term feedback delivery and assessment. Overall, however, enhancing feedback was more impactful psychologically and behaviorally. Enhancing feedback engendered greater success consistency, overall satisfaction and usefulness, optimism, state self‐esteem, perceived ability, and test persistence intentions; improving feedback, on the other hand, engendered greater state improvement. The findings provide fodder for theory development and applications.

  September 12, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12407   open full text
• Leader trustworthy behavior and organizational trust: the role of the immediate manager for cultivating trust.
  Alison Legood, Geoff Thomas, Claudia Sacramento.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 10, 2016
  Drawing from both trust‐building theory and interpersonal trust literature, we investigate how trust between a leader and follower may be leveraged to influence organizational trust. We also explore the mediating mechanisms of this link and test a potential moderator. A cross‐sectional, multifoci design was adopted and participants were 201 employees within a public sector organization. Leader trustworthy behavior was found to predict organizational trust, mediated by trustworthiness perceptions and trust in the leader. Support for the boundary condition was found; namely, when leaders were more senior, the relationship between trustworthy behavior and organizational trust was stronger. The findings suggest that leaders can meaningfully influence organizational trust perceptions through the enactment of trustworthy behavior, although the strength of this effect varied as a function of their position.

  August 10, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12394   open full text
• The dark side of “doing the right thing”: regulatory mode predicts the inaction inertia effect.
  ShiLei Zhang, Huixia Liu, Rui Shi.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 10, 2016
  The inaction inertia effect refers to the idea that when people miss out on an initial opportunity, they are prone to stay inactive afterward. However, little is known about how personality relates to inaction inertia. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of regulatory mode in the inaction inertia effect. Study 1 found that an assessment mode positively predicts inaction inertia while a locomotion mode is not related to inaction inertia. Study 2 replicated this finding in a different scenario. Study 3 found that priming assessment mode (compared with locomotion mode) predicts inaction inertia. Implications of how regulatory mode influences inaction inertia are discussed.

  July 10, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12393   open full text
• Facilitation of attitude formation through communication: how perceived source expertise enhances the ability to achieve cognitive closure about complex environmental topics.
  Charlotte Koot, Emma ter Mors, Naomi Ellemers, Dancker D. L. Daamen.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 03, 2016
  Attitudes on which people have achieved cognitive closure are better predictors of future attitudes and behavior than open attitudes. In two experiments, we found that factors in communication (source identity, source consensus) can enhance people's ability to achieve cognitive closure on complex environmental topics through an increase in perceived source expertise. Results showed that participants perceived higher levels of source expertise and felt better able to achieve cognitive closure on the environmental technology of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) when the information source had an expert identity compared to a non‐expert identity. The communication of consensus by the information source increased the level of expertise ascribed to the non‐expert source, resulting in an enhanced ability to achieve closure.

  July 03, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12391   open full text
• Fluctuating emotions: relating emotional variability and job satisfaction.
  Shi Xu, Larry R. Martinez, Hubert Van Hoof, Maria Isabel Eljuri, Liliana Arciniegas.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. June 26, 2016
  This study focuses on the relation between emotional variability and job satisfaction and examines emotional exhaustion as a potential explanation for why variability may result in lower satisfaction. In addition, this study examines organizational identification as a potential moderator of the relation between emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. A total of 244 nonacademic staff in two universities in Ecuador responded to the surveys. The results demonstrated that emotional exhaustion mediated the relation between emotional variability and job satisfaction and that organizational identification weakened the negative relation between emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. This research is among the first to investigate emotional variability in organizations and examine the role of organizational identification in buffering the negative effect of emotional variability.

  June 26, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12390   open full text
• Different paths to protest: predictors of collective action in the Occupy Movement.
  G. Scott Morgan, Wing Yi Chan.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. June 22, 2016
  This study investigated the variables that shaped people's willingness to engage in collective action in the context of the Occupy Movement. Data were collected in 2011 from nonprotesting supporters at the New York City Occupy encampment and active occupiers at the New York and Atlanta encampments. Participants distinguished between different kinds of collective action based on cost. Furthermore, different predictors motivated distinct kinds of collective action. Identity and anger predicted low‐cost collective action. Efficacy predicted relatively costly collective action and mediated the link between identity and costly collective action. This study provides evidence that people draw distinctions between different actions based on cost and that, when it comes to predicting collective action, these distinctions matter.

  June 22, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12386   open full text
• Enhancing interest in science: exemplars as cues to communal affordances of science.
  Emily K. Clark, Melissa A. Fuesting, Amanda B. Diekman.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. June 21, 2016
  A deterrent to recruiting students into STEM pathways is the stereotype that STEM fields do not afford communal goals to work with or help others. We investigate the challenges to cueing communal opportunities in science via brief exposure to scientist exemplars. Both male and female scientists depicted as engaged in communal work increased beliefs that science afforded communal goals and positivity toward science careers (Study 1). Without the direct performance of communal activities, communal affordances were cued only when a female scientist was prototypic of her gender category and respondents were highly communally oriented (Study 2). To change stereotypes that science does not involve communal goals, both female and male scientists can highlight communal aspects of their work.

  June 21, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12392   open full text
• Task framing reduces emotion decoding negativity biases in social anxiety.
  Steven G. Young, William Lamson.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. June 21, 2016
  Social anxiety is associated with difficulty in decoding emotional expressions. In this work, we present two experiments demonstrating that manipulating the apparent social relevance of an emotion‐identification task can reduce these difficulties. In Experiment 1, we find that social anxiety predicts an oversensitivity to anger expressions when participants are told they are completing a task that measures social skills. However, when the same task is framed as a measure of intellectual skills, this oversensitivity to anger is eliminated. Experiment 2 finds that social anxiety interferes with participants' ability to discriminate real from fake smiles when participants are told they are completing a test of social skills, but not when they are completing an ostensible measure of intellectual skills.

  June 21, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12389   open full text
• Exposing information sharing as strategic behavior: power as responsibility and “Trust” buttons.
  Nicoleta Bălău, Sonja Utz.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. June 21, 2016
  Online platforms' success depends on individual's information sharing (IS). However, previous research showed that “knowledge is power” is a default‐perception in organizations and that individuals share relatively unimportant information while keeping the important private information for themselves. Trust has also been identified as important enabler of IS. We examined the role of power construed as responsibility for others' outcomes and of a “Trust” button, a theory‐inspired technological feature, using a 2(Power construals: opportunity vs. responsibility) × 2(Buttons: “Like” vs. “Like‐or‐Trust”) × 2(Information sharedness as within‐subjects factor; public, private) design. Findings showed that construing power as responsibility and “Trust” button's presence increased the sharing of private information; clicking behavior yielded insights into the underlying mechanisms. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

  June 21, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12388   open full text
• Beware of “reducing prejudice”: imagined contact may backfire if applied with a prevention focus.
  Keon West, Katy Greenland.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. June 20, 2016
  Imagined intergroup contact—the mental simulation of a (positive) interaction with a member of another group—is a recently developed, low‐risk, prejudice‐reducing intervention. However, regulatory focus can moderate of the effects of prejudice‐reducing interventions: a prevention focus (as opposed to a promotion focus) can lead to more negative outcomes. In two experiments we found that a prevention focus altered imagined contact's effects, causing the intervention to backfire. In Experiment 1, participants who reported a strong prevention‐focus during imagined contact subsequently reported higher intergroup anxiety and (indirectly) less positive attitudes toward Asians. We found similar moderating effects in Experiment 2, using a different outgroup (gay men) and a subtle regulatory focus manipulation. Theoretical and practical implications for imagined contact are discussed.

  June 20, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12387   open full text
• Failing time after time: time perspective, procrastination, and cognitive reappraisal in goal failure.
  Jill Taylor, Janet Clare Wilson.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 16, 2016
  This research novelly explores how Future Time Perspective (FTP) plays a role in reflecting on goal failure and striving for future goals. Participants (N = 139) completed questionnaires assessing recent goal failure, procrastination, emotion regulation and FTP, then coded as either High or Low in FTP. Results support hypotheses that despite goal failure, those high in FTP procrastinated less, planned more and used more cognitive reappraisal strategies. Further, procrastination and cognitive reappraisal significantly predicted FTP scores. Thus, goal failure may be an essential part of learning how to achieve high self‐regulation goals. However, it may discourage some from trying again, particularly those low in FTP. Findings suggest the FTP may offer a strategy to aid attainment of important high self‐regulated, long‐term goals.

  May 16, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12383   open full text
• Going to extremes for one's group: the role of prototypicality and group acceptance.
  Liran Goldman, Michael A. Hogg.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 02, 2016
  To explore who goes to aggressive and antisocial extremes on behalf of their group we primed perceptions of (a) group prototypicality (peripheral vs. central) and (b) ease of acceptance by the group. Participants were members of self‐significant groups—fraternities and sororities (N = 218). Drawing on social identity theory, uncertainty‐identity theory and the social identity theory of influence through leadership, we found, as predicted, that peripheral members who believed it was easy to be accepted were most likely to intend to engage in and support antisocial and aggressive intergroup behaviors. This effect was somewhat stronger among males than females, and strengthened among the most highly identified participants. The research's potential for understanding socially harmful intergroup violence is noted.

  May 02, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12382   open full text
• Individual responses to climate change: Framing effects on pro‐environmental behaviors.
  Rodolfo Sapiains, Robert J. S. Beeton, Iain A. Walker.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. April 12, 2016
  Promoting effective responses to climate change, especially among people who reject its anthropogenic causes, has been challenging. Following a qualitative study, we experimentally induce one of four frames of reference (identity, biodiversity conservation, economic prosperity, and climate change), and assess their effects on participants’ behavioral intentions using three scales (consumption‐investment, consumption‐reduction, and political participation). The sample (N = 156) included people who thought climate change is natural and those who thought it is human‐induced. Results show a significant impact of the identity frame, relative to the climate‐change frame, for both consumption scales, in the total sample, and among those who reject the anthropogenic causes. These results offer a way to address behavioral resistances associated with antagonistic views on climate change.

  April 12, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12378   open full text
• The role of social dominance orientation and patriotism in the evaluation of racial minority and female leaders.
  Crystal L. Hoyt, Stefanie Simon.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. April 07, 2016
  This research broadens our understanding of racial and gender bias in leader evaluations by merging implicit leadership theory and social dominance perspectives. Across two experimental studies (291 participants), we tested the prediction that bias in leader evaluations stemming from White and masculine leader standards depends on the extent to which people favor hierarchical group relationships (social dominance orientation) and their level of patriotism. Employing the Goldberg paradigm, participants read identical leadership speeches attributed to either a woman or a man described as either a minority (Black or Latino/a) or a majority (White) group member. Results show social dominance orientation negatively predicted evaluations of minority and female leaders and patriotism positively predicted evaluations of White leaders.

  April 07, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12380   open full text
• Don't judge a living book by its cover: effectiveness of the living library intervention in reducing prejudice toward Roma and LGBT people.
  Gábor Orosz, Erzsébet Bánki, Beáta Bőthe, István Tóth‐Király, Linda R. Tropp.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. March 20, 2016
  In Hungary, prejudices toward Roma and the LGBT community are highly salient and explicit in public opinion, the media, and in the political discourse. The present study examined the effectiveness of the Living Library prejudice reduction intervention—in which participants as “Readers” have engaging contact with living “Books” who are trained volunteers from the Roma and LGBT communities. In a pre‐post intervention study with high school students (N = 105), results suggest that the Living Library intervention reduced participants’ scores on multiple measures of prejudice. The Living Library intervention appeared to be effective among both those participants whose friends endorsed prejudice or more tolerant attitudes toward Roma and LGBT people. In sum, Living Library appears to be a useful method for reducing prejudice in contexts which are characterized by strong negative attitudes toward these different groups.

  March 20, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12379   open full text
• Human trafficking: factors that influence willingness to combat the issue.
  Katherine L. Honeyman, Arthur A. Stukas, Mathew D. Marques.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. March 19, 2016
  Human trafficking involves severe violations of human rights and social action is required to combat it. Past research has identified emotional reactions to victims of trafficking, as well as the perceived cost and efficacy of actions, as significant predictors of willingness to get involved. We surveyed 216 Australians (70% female) to assess their perceptions of sex and labor trafficking and actions to reduce them. Results demonstrated that women reported greater personal distress (but not empathy) for victims than men, which was associated with greater willingness to take action. Women also perceived available actions to be more efficacious than men, which predicted willingness, while perceived cost of actions did not. Implications for promoting social action to reduce human trafficking are discussed.

  March 19, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12381   open full text
• The effects of incidental anger, contempt, and disgust on hostile language and implicit behaviors.
  David Matsumoto, Hyisung C. Hwang, Mark G. Frank.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. February 10, 2016
  Recent studies have suggested that the combination of the emotions anger‐contempt‐disgust (ANCODI) is associated with intergroup hostility. This study examined if incidental elicitation of this emotion combination causally produces hostile cognitions, language, and behaviors. Members of political groups were primed with either ANCODI, fear + sadness, or no emotion, and then engaged in creativity task in relation to their opponent or a non‐opponent outgroup. The ANCODI mix produced more hostile cognitions, language, and implicit behaviors associated with hostility, in some cases specifically toward their opponent outgroups, than individuals primed with other emotions. Multiple mediation analyses indicated that the three emotions and their interactions mediated many of the effects.

  February 10, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12374   open full text
• The social affirmation use of social media as a motivator of collective action.
  Anna Kende, Martijn van Zomeren, Adrienn Ujhelyi, Nóra Anna Lantos.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. February 08, 2016
  The mobilizing potential of the internet has been widely recognized but also sharply criticized. We propose and test in two studies that the social affirmation use of social media motivates individuals for collective action to achieve social change. In Study 1, we surveyed participants of a university occupation and found that enduring participation was predicted by social affirmation use, mediated by group identification. In Study 2 we experimentally tested our hypothesis, the results of which confirmed that the social affirmation use of a forum (and in particular its interactive aspect) motivated individuals for collective action to achieve social change. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings for theory and research on the mobilizing potential of the internet.

  February 08, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12375   open full text
• The stigma of seeking help for mental health issues: mediating roles of support and coping and the moderating role of symptom profile.
  Miki Talebi, Kimberly Matheson, Hymie Anisman.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. February 05, 2016
  A key factor to the prevalence of mental illness might be the disinclination to seek help, perhaps owing to the stigma of mental illness. In two studies, the contribution of severity of depressive symptoms, social support, and unsupport, coping strategies, and salience of psychological versus biological features of depression in relation to perceived self‐ and other‐stigma of help‐seeking for mental health issues were examined. Participants were first year students experiencing a transitional stressor, namely entry to university. Together, the findings point to the contribution of social support and unsupportive interactions, and coping methods to the prediction of perceived stigma of seeking help, but that the framing of mental illness can limit or strengthen these relations.

  February 05, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12376   open full text
• Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities: Do educators assign them a fully human status?
  Dora Capozza, Gian Antonio Di Bernardo, Rossella Falvo, Renzo Vianello, Luca Calò.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. February 04, 2016
  The present research investigates the humanity attributions to individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). In three studies, professional educators, who worked in day‐care or community centers, were examined. Humanity attributions were assessed using emotion‐based and trait‐based measures. As expected, individuals with IDD were denied a fully human status: they were perceived as having more non‐uniquely than uniquely human attributes. Furthermore, a lower human status was assigned to individuals with IDD in relation to educators. We also discovered that humanity attributions, but not attitudes, were related to approach/avoidance responses. Altogether, findings show the importance of considering humanity perceptions in the study of social relationships of individuals with IDD. Dehumanizing perceptions can explain the differential treatment these individuals face in various social settings.

  February 04, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12377   open full text
• Interaction of socio‐structural characteristics to predict Roma's identification and desire to challenge low status position.
  Stephen Reysen, Andrea Slobodnikova, Iva Katzarska‐Miller.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. February 02, 2016
  We examined the interaction of socio‐structural variables predicting Roma's identification and endorsement for collective action. Roma from Slovakia rated perceived stigma and status, their perception of the intergroup context, identification, and desire for Roma to join together to compete with the high status non‐Roma majority. The results showed that greater perceived permeability predicted lower Roma identification. The socio‐structural variables also interacted such that Roma who perceived group boundaries as impermeable and status difference as unstable and illegitimate expressed the highest desire for collective action. Lastly, identification was also a strong predictor of desire to directly compete with non‐Roma. The results highlight both the usefulness of a social identity perspective for understanding resistance to discrimination and perceived context for collective action.

  February 02, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12373   open full text
• Immigrant entrepreneurship from a social psychological perspective.
  Daniel W. Robertson, Peter R. Grant.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. February 02, 2016
  We examined immigrant entrepreneurship from a social psychological perspective with an emphasis on Social Identity Theory (SIT). Immigrant entrepreneurs from across Canada (N=122) completed a questionnaire about their experiences as Canadian business owners. The results showed that business decisions are, indeed, related to social psychological influences. The use of social capital, the strength of cultural and national identity, acculturation and perceived discrimination were related to decisions made throughout the course of the business, from the initial motivations for pursuing entrepreneurship, to the intention to continue running a business in Canada. Overall, being an immigrant entrepreneur had social psychological implications and, in the future, the influence of identity, acculturation and discrimination among this group deserves further attention.

  February 02, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12369   open full text
• Inclusive victim consciousness predicts minority group members’ support for refugees and immigrants.
  Johanna Ray Vollhardt, Rashmi Nair, Linda R. Tropp.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. February 02, 2016
  What motivates minority group members to support other minorities, rather than compete for resources? We tested whether inclusive victim consciousness —i.e., perceived similarities between the ingroup's and outgroups’ collective victimization—predicts support for other minority groups; and whether personal and family experiences of group‐based victimization moderate these effects. Study 1 was conducted among members of historically oppressed groups in India. As hypothesized, inclusive victim consciousness predicted support for refugees. Personal experiences of group‐based victimization moderated this effect. Conceptually replicating these findings, in Study 2 (among Vietnamese Americans, mostly second‐generation immigrants) inclusive victim consciousness predicted less hostility toward other refugees and immigrants, and greater perceived responsibility to help victims of collective violence. This effect was moderated by family experiences of victimization.

  February 02, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12368   open full text
• Backlash against male elementary educators.
  Corinne A. Moss‐Racusin, Elizabeth R. Johnson.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. February 02, 2016
  We investigated the existence, nature, and processes underscoring backlash (social and economic penalties) against men who violate gender stereotypes by working in education, and whether backlash is exacerbated by internal (vs. external) behavioral attributions. Participants (N = 303) rated one of six applications for an elementary teaching position, identical apart from target gender and behavioral attribution type. Male applicants were rated as more likely to be gay, posing a greater safety threat, and less likeable (but not less hireable) than identical female applicants. Perceived sexuality and threat mediated target gender differences in likeability. Unexpectedly, behavioral attributions did not interact with target gender, suggesting that providing internal attributions may not exacerbate men's backlash. Implications for backlash theory and education gender disparities are discussed.

  February 02, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12366   open full text
• Different ways to get the job done: comparing the effects of intellectual stimulation and contingent reward leadership on task‐related outcomes.
  Melanie Ann Robinson, Kathleen Boies.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. January 26, 2016
  Two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of intellectual stimulation and contingent reward leadership on performance, task enjoyment, and extra effort. Participants (N = 78 and N = 158) viewed one of three videos and performed an in‐basket exercise. Several interesting differences emerged. Across both studies, participants in the control and contingent reward leadership conditions generated more ideas than their counterparts in the intellectual stimulation condition. Additionally, participants reported more willingness to exert extra effort when the leader was either intellectually stimulating or emphasized contingent reward leadership, as compared to the control condition. Finally, while task enjoyment was higher in the contingent reward leadership condition than in the control condition in Study 1, no significant differences emerged among conditions for enjoyment in Study 2.

  January 26, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12367   open full text
• Effects of role model exposure on STEM and non‐STEM student engagement.
  Jiyun Elizabeth L. Shin, Sheri R. Levy, Bonita London.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. January 07, 2016
  Studies examining factors (e.g., STEM stereotypes) that underlie the recruitment and retention of STEM students are critical as the demand for STEM professionals is rapidly increasing. This experimental study tested the effects of role model biographies that challenge common STEM stereotypes (i.e., STEM is for gifted individuals and for European American males) on 1035 STEM and non‐STEM undergraduate students. Findings showed that role model exposure had positive effects on both STEM and non‐STEM students’ interest in STEM as well as their perceived identity compatibility between the self and STEM. Role model exposure had a positive impact on academic sense of belonging among STEM and non‐STEM students, and a positive impact on academic self‐efficacy among STEM students, but not non‐STEM students.

  January 07, 2016   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12371   open full text
• Improving academic attitudes among ethnic minority youth at risk for early school leaving: the interactive effects of cross‐group friendships and ethnic identity.
  Paola Cardinali, Laura Migliorini, Luca Andrighetto, Nadia Rania, Emilio Paolo Visintin.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. December 21, 2015
  A growing body of research suggests that positive interethnic experiences enhance academic attitudes among ethnic minority youth. A number of studies also show that minority youth with an achieved ethnic identity have better academic attitudes and performance. Integrating these literatures, we aim to verify the combined effects of cross‐group friendships and ethnic identity on academic attitudes among a sample of youth at risk for early school leaving. The results showed that cross‐group friendships had a positive impact on academic attitudes for minority youth, but not for majority youth. However, individual levels of ethnic identity moderated these effects, which held true for minority youth with higher levels of ethnic identity. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

  December 21, 2015   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12372   open full text
• Disgust predicts prejudice and discrimination toward individuals with obesity.
  Lenny R. Vartanian, Tara Trewartha, Eric J. Vanman.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. December 16, 2015
  This study examined the relevance of disgust to evaluations of an obese target person, and the connection between disgust and prejudice toward that person. Participants (n = 598) viewed an image of an obese or non‐obese woman, and then evaluated that woman on a number of dimensions (emotions, attitudes, stereotypes, desire for social distance). Compared with the non‐obese target, the obese target elicited more disgust, more negative attitudes and stereotypes, and a greater desire for social distance. Furthermore, disgust mediated the effect of the target's body size on all of the outcome variables (attitudes, stereotypes, social distance). Disgust plays an important role in prejudice and discrimination toward individuals with obesity, and might in part explain the pervasiveness of weight bias.

  December 16, 2015   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12370   open full text
• Reasonable doubt definition effects on judged guilt: moderation by need for cognition and mediation by changes in required and felt certainty.
  Michael R. Leippe.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. December 10, 2015
  Mock‐jurors read a criminal‐trial transcript in which the judge defined “beyond reasonable doubt” with either a stringent (even small doubts require acquittal) or lax (having some doubt does not require acquittal) guilt criterion. Across three experiments, guilty verdict preferences were less likely when the criterion was stringent. A stringent criterion also was associated with higher reported certainty required to vote guilty and lower certainty in the preferred verdict. These two variables mediated the influence of definition on verdict preferences in an analysis that included data from all experiments. Perceived strength of evidence was unaffected by definition. Need for cognition (NC) moderated the definition effect on verdict preferences in all experiments. High‐NC mock‐jurors were strongly influenced by the definition; the influence on low‐NC mock‐jurors was minimal.

  December 10, 2015   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12365   open full text
• Warmth and competence in animals.
  Verónica Sevillano, Susan T. Fiske.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. November 06, 2015
  Social‐perception dimensions may explain human‐animal relationships because animals show intent toward humans (social perception's warmth dimension) and, consequently, their potential effect on humans is relevant (competence dimension). After reviewing current literature about perceptions of animals’ ascribed intentions and abilities, three studies tested the Stereotype Content Model (SCM) (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002) and the Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes Map (Cuddy, Fiske, & Glick, 2007) regarding animal targets. Study 1 found a four‐cluster SCM structure. Warmth and competence judgments predicted specific emotions and behavioral tendencies toward animals (Study 2). Study 3 supported associations between animals and social groups based on their respective perceived warmth and competence. Taken together, results showed the relevance of SCM dimensions for social perception of animals.

  November 06, 2015   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12361   open full text
• Does imagery reduce stigma against depression? Testing the efficacy of imagined contact and perspective‐taking.
  Jennifer Jiwon Na, Alison L. Chasteen.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. October 27, 2015
  While the stigma surrounding mental illness has been well‐established, less is known about methods for reducing that bias. In both laboratory (Study 1) and community (Study 2) samples, we tested the efficacy of imagined contact and perspective‐taking for reducing stigma against depression. Participants first read a vignette about an individual with depression and then imagined either interacting with the individual (imagined contact), putting themselves in the individual's shoes (perspective‐taking) or a neutral scene (control). In both samples, imagined contact was more effective in reducing stigma against depression than perspective‐taking. The findings suggest that different prejudice reduction strategies should be used for different stigmatized groups.

  October 27, 2015   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12360   open full text
• “Taking charge” of stigma: Treatment seeking alleviates mental illness stigma targeting men.
  Corinne A. Moss‐Racusin, Hannah G. Miller.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. October 27, 2015
  This research provided a novel experimental test of mental illness stigma and reactions to treatment seeking decisions for male and female targets. In Experiment 1 (N = 420), robust stigma emerged for targets exhibiting major depressive disorder; they were rated as less likeable, competent, and hirable than comparable normatively functioning targets. These results were unaffected by target gender. In Experiment 2 (N = 322), moderated mediation analysis revealed that a depressed male target embodying masculine stereotypes by seeking professional treatment experienced less stigma than an identical male target who did not seek treatment (and respect mediated this difference). For female targets, treatment seeking did not impact respect or stigma. Implications for the gender gap in treatment seeking and relevant interventions are discussed.

  October 27, 2015   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12362   open full text
• Paying it forward: how helping others can reduce the psychological threat of receiving help.
  Katherina Alvarez, Esther Leeuwen.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. June 02, 2014
  This paper shows that receiving help could be psychologically harmful for recipients, and passing on help to others after receiving help (“helping forward”) is a good strategy to improve and restore help recipients' self‐competence. Participants (N = 87) received autonomy‐ or dependency‐oriented help and anticipated helping forward or not. Compared to receiving autonomy‐oriented help, receiving dependency‐oriented help negatively affected participants' self‐competence and their evaluation of the helper. Anticipation of future helping increased the liking for and evaluation of the helper. After paying help forward, participants felt more self‐competent than before helping, and this effect was more pronounced among former recipients of dependency‐oriented help. These results show that helping forward can negate the psychological threat associated with receiving help.

  June 02, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12270   open full text
• Three layers of collective victimhood: effects of multileveled victimhood on intergroup conflicts in the Israeli–Arab context.
  Noa Schori‐Eyal, Eran Halperin, Daniel Bar‐Tal.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 22, 2014
  Perceived collective victimhood plays a significant role in conflictual intergroup relations. We suggest a conceptualization of three different layers of collective victimhood: historical victimhood, general conflict victimhood, and conflict event victimhood. Three studies explore the interrelationship between the layers and their effects in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. In Study 1, general conflict victimhood mediates the relationship between historical victimhood and willingness for compromise. In Study 2, conducted in two waves, changes in general conflict victimhood predict support for military actions against the out‐group. The relationship between general conflict victimhood and support for military actions was mediated by conflict event victimhood. In Study 3, three new scales were developed, and their relations with different outcomes examined. Findings were nearly identical to the models tested in Studies 1–2.

  May 22, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12268   open full text
• Positive affect facilitates social problem solving.
  Donna Webster Nelson, Erin K. Sim.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 20, 2014
  We conducted two experiments to test the impact of positive affect on social problem solving. In Experiment 1, participants induced to experience a positive (vs. neutral) affective state generated a greater number of relevant steps to solve fictitious interpersonal problems as well as more effective solutions to the problems. In Experiment 2, participants induced to experience a positive (vs. negative) affective state generated more functional solutions to their own social problems. The positive mood effects observed in Experiment 2 were moderated by dispositional optimism. Our findings have practical implications, as the extent to which individuals are able to generate effective solutions to social problems has far‐reaching consequences with respect to personal adjustment and social functioning.

  May 20, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12254   open full text
• Buyer beware of your shadow: how price moderates the effect of incidental similarity on buyer behavior.
  Luke Kachersky, Sankar Sen, Hyeong Min Kim, Marina Carnevale.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 20, 2014
  Using both a lab experiment and actual transaction data, we investigated whether and how incidental similarities (e.g., shared letters between buyer and seller's name) might influence buyer behavior. Particularly, while prior work suggests that consumers generally prefer incidental similarity, we use the context of Internet auctions to show that this preference reverses when prices are high. Under these conditions, buyers avoid incidentally similar sellers. We speculate that this effect is tied to individuals' motive to self‐protect. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

  May 20, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12255   open full text
• Challenging assignments and activating mood: the influence of goal orientation.
  Paul T. Y. Preenen, Annelies E. M. Van Vianen, Irene E. De Pater.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 20, 2014
  We examined the impact of induced goal orientation on individuals' positive‐ and negative‐activating mood when taking part in high‐ or low‐challenging assignments. Results indicated that performing a low‐challenging assignment leads to a higher positive‐activating mood with a performance‐approach orientation than with a mastery approach, or no goal orientation. In contrast, conducting a high‐challenging assignment leads to a higher positive‐activating mood with a mastery approach than with a performance approach, or no goal orientation. These findings suggest that high‐challenging assignments are best instructed with a focus on learning whereas low‐challenging assignments are best instructed with a focus on superior performance.

  May 20, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12256   open full text
• Islamist terrorism as identity threat: the case of ambivalent identification and self‐stereotyping among Turkish Muslims.
  Irem Uz, Markus Kemmelmeier.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 20, 2014
  Terrorist attacks committed in 2003 by Turkish Islamist extremists threatened the social identity of Turkish Muslims by associating them with terrorism. Using a 2 × 3 experimental design, we categorized Turkish respondents and terrorists as members of a shared superordinate group (“Muslims”) or as members of separate subgroups. When sharing superordinate group membership with terrorists, less identified Turkish respondents experienced ambivalent identification, i.e., they sought to maintain attachment to their group while simultaneously seeking distance from it. Ambivalent identification was reduced when respondents emphasized their typicality as members of a Muslim subgroup that did not include terrorists. The discussion focuses on ambivalent identification as a response to identity threat, and the implications for Islamist terrorism for the social identity of Muslims.

  May 20, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12257   open full text
• Can appraisals of common political life events impact subjective well‐being?
  Krzysztof Kaniasty, Urszula Jakubowska.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 20, 2014
  This study examined the psychological impact of global subjective appraisals of influence exerted on people's lives by common political events. A list of 24 political events was administered to a random sample of 400 adults in Poland. Political self‐efficacy, interest in politics, perceived political social support, and political collective efficacy were also assessed as potential moderators of the link between political stress appraisals and subjective well‐being (satisfaction with life, sense on anomie, positive affect). Perceptions of the negative influence of political stressors on one's life and the life of the country were associated with concomitant variations in subjective well‐being. Among psychosocial resources, political self‐efficacy consistently moderated the influence of appraisals of political stressors on satisfaction with life and positive affect.

  May 20, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12265   open full text
• Living the high life: social status influences real estate decision making.
  Sarah M. Tower‐Richardi, Tad T. Brunyé, Stephanie A. Gagnon, Caroline R. Mahoney, Holly A. Taylor.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 19, 2014
  Social status is associated with the vertical spatial dimension, with people conceptualizing higher social status with higher vertical positions. Two experiments tested whether this association influences relatively real‐world decisions about others by asking participants to act as real estate agents, aiding in the relocation of clients who explicitly or implicitly varied in social status. Across experiments, higher status clients were placed into higher elevation housing options. This influence of social status persisted when strategy‐aware participants were removed from analysis, and was not influenced by individual differences in social dominance or locus of control. Abstract concepts of social status are understood through associations with vertical space, and these mapping of abstract concepts to concrete percepts prove influential in guiding daily decisions.

  May 19, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12253   open full text
• C'est le Ton Qui Fait la Critique—for the powerful: the effects of feedback framing and power on affective reactions.
  Jana Niemann, Barbara Wisse, Diana Rus, Nico W. Van Yperen, Kai Sassenberg.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 19, 2014
  Although negative feedback is usually provided with the best of intentions, it often causes unfavorable affective reactions in the receiver such as anger and shame. The purpose of the present research is to identify factors that may attenuate or intensify these reactions to negative feedback. We argue and show across a laboratory experiment and a field study that feedback framing may affect feelings of anger and shame, but only for high (vs. low) power individuals. Given the prevalence of power differences in many feedback situations (e.g., in the organizational context), our findings may provide valuable information for the successful provision of negative feedback.

  May 19, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12269   open full text
• A sociofunctional approach to prejudice at the polls: are atheists more politically disadvantaged than gays and Blacks?
  Andrew S. Franks, Kyle C. Scherr.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 13, 2014
  Prejudice against atheists is pervasive in the United States. Atheists lag behind virtually all other minority groups on measures of social acceptance. The sociofunctional approach suggests that distrust is at the core of anti‐atheist prejudice, thus making it qualitatively different than prejudice against other disadvantaged groups. Accordingly, this research examined political bias against atheists, gays, and Blacks and the affective content accompanying such biases. Results indicated that atheists suffered the largest deficit in voting intentions from Christian participants, and this deficit was accompanied by distrust, disgust, and fear, thereby suggesting that the affective content of anti‐atheist prejudice is both broader and more extreme than prejudice against other historically disadvantaged groups. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.

  May 13, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12259   open full text
• How Hispanic patients address ambiguous versus unambiguous bias in the doctor's office.
  Meghan G. Bean, Rebecca Covarrubias, Jeff Stone.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 13, 2014
  Two studies examined Hispanic individuals' preferences for using ten different bias reduction strategies when interacting with a doctor whose beliefs about their group were either ambiguous or clearly biased. Consistent with predictions, participants who imagined interacting with a doctor whose beliefs were ambiguous preferred strategies that facilitate positive doctor–patient interactions, whereas participants whose doctor explicitly endorsed negative stereotypes about their group preferred strategies that address stereotype content. The results also revealed that, regardless of whether the doctor's beliefs were ambiguous or clearly biased, stigma consciousness predicted participants' preferences for using strategies that address stereotype content. These findings suggest that both doctors' behavior and individual‐level factors influence how minority individuals choose to behave in a healthcare setting.

  May 13, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12260   open full text
• Economic indicators predict changes in college student optimism for life events.
  Heather C. Lench, Shane W. Bench.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 13, 2014
  This investigation explored the extent to which an economic recession predicted changes in college students' optimism about the length and quality of their futures. In a cross‐sectional design, college students in the United States rated their likelihood of divorcing, being unhappy in their career, and living past age 60, at time points before, during, and in the aftermath of an economic recession (2007–2010). Economic indicators, particularly gas prices, predicted decreased optimism as the indicators worsened. After the recession, however, optimism rebounded. The findings reveal that people's expectations for their personal futures are generally sensitive to the state of the national economy.

  May 13, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12262   open full text
• Regulatory mode orientations and well‐being in an organizational setting: the differential mediating roles of workaholism and work engagement.
  Nicola A. De Carlo, Alessandra Falco, Antonio Pierro, Michelle Dugas, Arie W. Kruglanski, E. Tory Higgins.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 13, 2014
  This paper examines the relationships between two independent regulatory mode orientations, locomotion and assessment, and well‐being in organizational contexts. Results from a sample of 320 employees revealed that locomotion was negatively associated with burnout and psychological strain whereas assessment was positively associated with burnout and strain. The effects of locomotion and assessment on burnout and strain were mediated by workaholism and work engagement. Both locomotion and assessment predicted greater workaholism; however, locomotion was positively associated whereas assessment was negatively associated with work engagement. In turn, workaholism predicted greater burnout and strain, and work engagement predicted less burnout and strain. Implications for employee health and organizational success are discussed.

  May 13, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12263   open full text
• Patients are not fully human: a nurse's coping response to stress.
  Elena Trifiletti, Gian Antonio Di Bernardo, Rossella Falvo, Dora Capozza.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 13, 2014
  In this article, dehumanization of patients was studied as a strategy used by nurses to cope with stress. Affective organizational commitment (AOC) and affective commitment to patients (ACP) were tested as moderators. We also explored how nurses' humanity attributions to their in‐group relate to stress symptoms. Participants were nurses working in different wards of an Italian urban hospital. Findings showed that perceiving patients as not fully human was related to lower levels of stress symptoms for nurses with high AOC and ACP, but not for nurses with low AOC and ACP. Moreover, for highly committed nurses, the attribution of uniquely human traits to the in‐group was associated with increased stress symptoms. Implications of findings for the relationship between nurses and patients are discussed.

  May 13, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12267   open full text
• Feeling the green? Value orientation as a moderator of emotional response to green electricity.
  Andreas Nilsson, André Hansla, Anders Biel.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 08, 2014
  Framing effects on emotional responses in a green electricity choice are investigated in a survey of a random sample of 655 Swedish residents. The results show that overall more positive and less negative emotions are experienced for a promotion frame (“choosing green electricity and paying more”) than for a prevention frame (“not choosing green electricity and paying less”). Value orientation is shown to moderate the framing effect in that for the promotion frame, individuals with a self‐transcendence value orientation show the most positive and least negative emotion, whereas for the prevention frame, individuals with a self‐enhancement value orientation show the most positive and least negative emotion. Emotional responses are further shown to mediate the relationship between value orientation and intention to purchase eco‐labeled electricity.

  May 08, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12258   open full text
• Low‐status aversion: the effect of self‐threat on willingness to buy and sell.
  Caitlin Pan, Nathan C. Pettit, Niro Sivanathan, Steven L. Blader.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 08, 2014
  Consumption decisions are inherently rooted in both what to consume and what to forgo. Although prior research has focused on consumption, we instead examine what compels consumers to steer clear of particular goods. In two studies, we demonstrated that individuals experiencing self‐threat avoid low‐status goods to prevent further damage to their self‐worth. Individuals facing self‐threat showed a decreased willingness to buy (Study 1), and a correspondingly greater willingness to sell (Study 2) low‐status goods, as compared with nonthreatened individuals. Notably, these effects emerged even when such behaviors were associated with economic costs (Study 2). Together, these results highlight how the motive to preserve the self can affect market exchanges, thereby painting a more complete portrait of the relationship between consumption, status, and the self.

  May 08, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12261   open full text
• Testing the direct, indirect, and interactive roles of referent group injunctive and descriptive norms for sun protection in relation to the theory of planned behavior.
  Harriet Bodimeade, Ellen Anderson, Stephen La Macchia, Joanne R. Smith, Deborah J. Terry, Winnifred R. Louis.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 08, 2014
  The theory of planned behavior was used to predict participants' (n = 219) sun protection intentions and (longitudinally) self‐reported behavior from attitudes, perceptions of control, and subjective norms. Norm focus theory was incorporated by distinguishing injunctive and descriptive norms. In turn, subjective descriptive and injunctive norms were examined in relation to the norms of a salient referent group: university students. Referent group norms were found to be associated with subjective norms, and to influence intentions indirectly. A marginal interaction of referent group descriptive and injunctive norms was also observed on behavior. Results highlight the importance of examining indirect effects in order to capture the effect of group‐level processes when multiple sources and levels of normative influence are examined.

  May 08, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12264   open full text
• The moderating effect of prior attitudes on intergroup face‐to‐face contact.
  Heather E. Graham, Mark C. Frame, Jared B. Kenworthy.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 08, 2014
  The present study examined cooperative contact as an antecedent to reducing negative attitudes toward gay men and lesbians, as measured by Herek's Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men Scale—Short Form (ATLG). In a scripted role‐play, participants were paired with a confederate who declared their character's sexual orientation as either heterosexual or homosexual. Hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that contact with homosexual individuals affected participants' attitudes toward gay men and lesbians over and above the participants' prior ATLG scores. A moderating effect for prior ATLG scores was also found. The effect of confederate's sexual orientation was stronger for participants with more negative ATLG scores compared to those with more favorable attitudes. Implications for decreasing homophobia in organizations are discussed.

  May 08, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12246   open full text
• Positive peer pressure: Priming member prototypicality can decrease undergraduate drinking.
  Chris Goode, Rhonda H. Balzarini, Heather J. Smith.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. March 11, 2014
  In two field experiments, we manipulated the extent to which sorority members viewed themselves as prototypical group members before they learned social norm information. In Study 1 (n = 109), participants who learned that they closely matched the ideal group member's personality intended to drink less alcohol after reading about related group norms. In Study 2 (n = 155), participants primed to think of themselves as ideal group members reported drinking less alcohol in comparison to participants primed to think of themselves as unique individuals. Participants who heard a descriptive norm presentation reported drinking less alcohol in comparison to participants who heard injunctive or combined norm presentations. If speakers prime group member prototypicality before delivering normative information, their message can be more effective.

  March 11, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12248   open full text
• Imagined contact as a prejudice‐reduction intervention in schools: the underlying role of similarity and attitudes.
  Sofia Stathi, Lindsey Cameron, Bonny Hartley, Shona Bradford.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. February 28, 2014
  The present research tested a prejudice‐reduction intervention based on imagined contact. White children imagined interacting with a child from an ethnic out‐group (Asian) once a week for 3 weeks, or did not take part in this activity (control group). Compared with the control group, children who engaged in imagined contact subsequently showed more positive attitudes, greater perceived similarity, and willingness for intergroup contact. The effect of the intervention on willingness for contact was mediated by positive attitude change. Implications for imagined‐contact theory and the development of prejudice‐reduction techniques for schools are discussed.

  February 28, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12245   open full text
• Can normal narcissism be managed to promote green product purchases? Investigating a counterintuitive proposition.
  Iman Naderi, David Strutton.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. February 26, 2014
  Despite the presumed influence of narcissism as a prevalent consumer trait, the psychological construct was only recently linked to consumer theory. “Normal” narcissism is traditionally associated with negative effects on others. But narcissism is examined from a different perspective here. This study investigates how narcissistic traits may influence consumer tendencies to engage in “green” behaviors. Study 1 demonstrates that narcissists do not intrinsically value green behavior or its potential societal benefits. However, four integrated experiments—grounded in costly signaling theory and the realistic accuracy model—demonstrated that situational factors such as product visibility, purchase visibility, relative price, and message detection and utilization could be influential in motivating normal narcissists to act “green.”

  February 26, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12230   open full text
• Intentionality, anger, coping, and ego defensiveness in reactive aggressive driving.
  Evelyne F. Vallières, Robert J. Vallerand, Jacques Bergeron, Pierre McDuff.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. February 12, 2014
  A motivational sequence was used as a theoretical framework for studying reactive aggressive driving. Study 1 tested the validity of the sequence “perceived intentionality‐anger‐reactive aggressive driving” and assessed the impact of coping on anger and reactive aggressive driving. The ecological validity of the same sequence was verified in Study 2 with a large sample of adult drivers, while examining the role of ego defensiveness as a determinant of anger and aggressive driving. Study 1 showed the proposed sequence was supported and that coping strategies intervened at both anger and reaction levels, depending if the situation was perceived as intentional or not. Study 2 showed that anger mediated the impact of coping and ego defensiveness on driving aggression. Sobel tests confirmed the anger mediation effect in both studies.

  February 12, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12228   open full text
• Vested interest and environmental risk communication: improving willingness to cope with impending disasters.
  Stefano De Dominicis, William D. Crano, Uberta Ganucci Cancellieri, Benedetta Mosco, Mirilia Bonnes, Zachary Hohman, Marino Bonaiuto.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. February 10, 2014
  Vested interest theory (VIT), first investigated on environmental risk, suggests that the hedonic relevance of an attitude object moderates relations between attitudes, intentions, and responses to danger. Emphasizing vested interest may maximize impacts of risk communications. Study 1 (N = 215) assessed differences between inhabitants of two flood‐risk areas in Italy on past experience, risk perceptions, concerns, attitudes, and behavioral intentions. Objectively, higher risk areas' residents reported more experience, and greater perceived risk and concern, while no preparedness differences were found (both at “between cities” and “within city” levels). Study 2 (N = 444) looked at the moderating role of VIT‐based risk communication messages on the relationship between vested interest and behavioral intentions. Components of vested interest moderate attitude–intention consistency, suggesting a new method of developing effective risk announcements.

  February 10, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12229   open full text
• Changing prejudiced attitudes by thinking about persuasive messages: implications for resistance.
  Miguel A. M. Cárdaba, Pablo Briñol, Javier Horcajo, Richard E. Petty.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. January 26, 2014
  This research showed that changing attitudes toward stigmatized groups can result from both the simple processes that require little thinking and the traditional elaborative forms of persuasion that require high thinking processes. Importantly, even when the obtained attitude change was equivalent for situations in which there was high and low message elaboration, the changes produced in high thinking conditions were found to be more resistant to further attacks than equivalent changes produced by less thoughtful mechanisms. Not only were those attitudes more resistant as measured objectively (Study 1) but participants also perceived their attitudes to be subjectively more resistant (Study 2). These studies suggest that examining the processes by which prejudice is changed can be important for understanding the consequences and long‐term implications of treatments and campaigns oriented to changing attitudes toward stigmatized groups.

  January 26, 2014   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12225   open full text
• Restoring drinking water acceptance following a waterborne disease outbreak: the role of trust, risk perception, and communication.
  Boyka Bratanova, Greg Morrison, Chris Fife‐Schaw, Jonathan Chenoweth, Mikael Mangold.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 04, 2013
  Although research shows that acceptance, trust, and risk perception are often related, little is known about the underlying patterns of causality among the three constructs. In the context of a waterborne disease outbreak, we explored via zero‐order/partial correlation analysis whether acceptance predicts both trust and risk perception (associationist model), or whether trust influences risk perception and acceptance (causal chain model). The results supported the causal chain model suggesting a causal role for trust. A subsequent path analysis confirmed that the effect of trust on acceptance is fully mediated by risk perception. It also revealed that trust is positively predicted by prior institutional trust and communication with the public. Implications of the findings for response strategies to contamination events are discussed.

  August 04, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12113   open full text
• The work–family interface among school psychologists and related school personnel: a test of role conflict and expansionist theories.
  Theresa J. Brown, Kenneth E. Sumner.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 04, 2013
  The purpose was to test of the utility of role conflict and expansionist theories in explaining the work–family interface using psychometrically sound instruments. Participants (n = 74) responded to measures of work–family conflict, work‐related stress, and role quality. In support of the expansionist theory, results indicated that the quality of the life roles was a better predictor of both work–family conflict and work‐related stress than was the number of life roles. For both, results indicated that as quality of the work role increased, work–family conflict and work‐related stress decreased. The implications for the research on the work–family life interface and attracting and retaining the most qualified school psychologists are discussed.

  August 04, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12121   open full text
• The effect of subliminal priming on sleep duration.
  Mitsuru Shimizu, Jesse J. Sperry, Brett W. Pelham.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 04, 2013
  Two experiments primed college students with either sleep‐related or neutral words and then assessed sleep during a 25 minute nap period. Both experiments showed that participants primed with sleep‐related words reported having slept longer than did those primed with neutral words. Furthermore, both experiments showed that sleep‐primed participants exhibited lower heart rate. Experiment 2 also revealed that the effect of the priming manipulation was especially strong among participants who had trouble sleeping. This suggests that priming might be a cost‐effective treatment for inducing sleep among people with sleep problems.

  August 04, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12123   open full text
• The role of the self‐fulfilling prophecy in young adolescents' responsiveness to a substance use prevention program.
  Stephanie Madon, Max Guyll, Kyle C. Scherr, Jennifer Willard, Richard Spoth, David L. Vogel.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 04, 2013
  This research examined whether naturally occurring self‐fulfilling prophecies influenced adolescents' responsiveness to a substance use prevention program. The authors addressed this issue with a unique methodological approach that was designed to enhance the internal validity of research on naturally occurring self‐fulfilling prophecies by experimentally controlling for prediction without influence. Participants were 321 families who were assigned to an adolescent substance use prevention program that either did or did not systematically involve parents. Results showed that parents' perceptions about the value of involving parents in adolescent substance use prevention predicted adolescents' alcohol use more strongly among families assigned to the prevention program that systematically involved parents than to the one that did not. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

  August 04, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12126   open full text
• Importance of race, gender, and personality in predicting academic performance.
  Debra Steele‐Johnson, Keith Leas.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 01, 2013
  Substantial research has demonstrated that African American students tend to perform more poorly than their White counterparts in terms of academic performance (e.g., Bali & Alvarez). However, this knowledge has proven insufficient in highlighting a clear path for countering this gap in academic achievement. The present study (n = 719) provides evidence that race (African Americans and Whites) interacts with personality in predicting academic performance (i.e., grade point average) in a college setting and that the pattern of effects differs for men and women. Agreeableness reduced race effects for women, and extraversion and openness reduced race effects for men. Our results suggest new avenues for educators and policymakers to consider when attempting to reduce this performance gap.

  August 01, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12129   open full text
• HRM effectiveness as a moderator of the relationships between abusive supervision and technology work overload and job outcomes for technology end users.
  Kenneth J. Harris, Alysa Lambert, Ranida B. Harris.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 01, 2013
  Based on conservation of resources theory, this study examined the impact of two stressors: abusive supervision, an interpersonal stressor; and technology work overload, a contextual stressor, on job strain and perceived organizational support. These linkages have not been previously examined, but are of importance for managing employees who complete work on their computers. In a sample of 219 technology end users from a wide range of jobs and industries, we found that both of the stressors we examined had negative impacts on desired outcome variables. Additionally, we found that human resource management effectiveness moderated these relationships. These findings have important implications for theory and application which are discussed. Limitations and directions for future are also offered.

  August 01, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12122   open full text
• Coping strategies and first year performance in postsecondary education.
  Gene M. Alarcon, Jean M. Edwards, Patrick C. Clark.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. August 01, 2013
  Coping was hypothesized to explain additional variance in first year grade point averages (GPAs) controlling for cognitive ability and conscientiousness. First year GPAs were assessed as criterion for performance in the first year. Results indicate active coping, denial, behavioral disengagement, and alcohol disengagement are related to first year GPA. Denial and alcohol disengagement coping strategies were significant predictors and negatively related to first year GPA in the final regression equation controlling for cognitive ability and conscientiousness. Latent growth modeling analysis demonstrated cognitive ability predicted both the intercept and slope of first year GPA. Conscientiousness was a predictor of initial GPA but not change. Lastly, coping was a significant predictor of change in GPA. Implications for research and theory are discussed.

  August 01, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12120   open full text
• Impact of social value orientation on energy conservation in different behavioral domains.
  Bernadette Sütterlin, Thomas A. Brunner, Michael Siegrist.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 31, 2013
  The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social value orientation and energy conservation over different energy consumption domains. Additionally, the impact of type of energy conservation measure (curtailment vs. energy efficiency) was investigated. Data were derived from a mail survey of Swiss households (N = 1,209). It was expected that social value orientation and type of conservation measure affect conservation behavior. Confirming our hypotheses, prosocials reported more energy conservation—in the housing, mobility, and food domain—compared with individualists and competitors. As assumed, the difference in energy conservation between the three social value orientations was found for curtailment behaviors, but not for energy efficiency behaviors requiring no change in habits. Results and implications are discussed.

  July 31, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12128   open full text
• The boundaries of minimization as a technique for improving affect: good for the goose but not for the gander?
  Kristin W. Grover, Elizabeth C. Pinel, Jennifer K. Bosson, Lavonia Smith LeBeau.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 31, 2013
  Research on minimization as a coping strategy suggests that it alleviates negative affect following threats. In contrast, research on minimization as a support‐giving strategy suggests that it does more harm than good. Does this mean that minimization works when it is self‐generated, but does not when it is offered by others? The present study examined the effect of self‐ and externally‐ generated minimizations on people with high and low self‐esteem following a self‐threat. Results suggest that externally‐generated minimizations do not alleviate negative affect when they occur before the recipient has had time to cope. Discussion centers around the implications of these findings for past research, as well as distinctions between how people with low versus high self‐esteem cope with negative events.

  July 31, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12127   open full text
• I don't believe but I pray: spirituality, instrumentality, or paranormal belief?
  Yung‐Jong Shiah, France Chang, Wai‐Cheong Carl Tam, Shen‐Fa Chuang, Lun‐Chang Yeh.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 26, 2013
  These three studies are among the first to systematically compare five Chinese religious groups on intrinsic (spiritual) and extrinsic (instrumental and paranormal) orientation. In Study 1, a Chinese version of the Index of Core Spiritual Experiences was developed. In Studies 2 and 3, spirituality and religious involvement was found to be greatest among Christians, followed in order by Buddhists, Taoists, traditional nones, and other nones. An instrumental purpose for religious activities and paranormal belief was found to be highest among Taoists, followed in order by Buddhists, traditional nones, other nones, and Christians. The results are consistent with the conclusion that Christianity offers the least support for an extrinsic religious orientation and the most support for an intrinsic religious orientation.

  July 26, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12125   open full text
• The Observed Witness Efficacy Scale: a measure of effective testimony skills.
  Robert J. Cramer, Jamie DeCoster, Tess M. S. Neal, Stanley L. Brodsky.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 26, 2013
  Despite advances in the scientific methodology of witness testimony research, no sound measure currently exists to evaluate perceptions of testimony skills. Drawing on self‐efficacy and witness preparation research, the present study describes development of the Observed Witness Efficacy Scale (OWES). Factor analyses of a mock jury sample yielded a two‐factor structure (poise and communication style) consistent with previous research on witness self‐ratings of testimony delivery skills. OWES subscales showed differential patterns of association with witness credibility, witness believability, agreement with the witness, and verdict decision. Juror gender moderated the impact of communication style, but not poise, on belief of and agreement with the witness. Results are discussed with attention to application of the OWES to witness research and preparation training.

  July 26, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12124   open full text
• Is it here where I belong? An integrative model of turnover intentions.
  Smaranda Boroş, Petru Lucian Curşeu.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 26, 2013
  We test a mediated moderation model in which the influence of organizational prestige and permeability on turnover intentions is mediated by organizational commitment and identification. We test this model in a 2 × 2 design in four Romanian organizations. Results support a partial mediation of identification between the considered organizational antecedents, and their interaction upon affective and continuance commitment, and a full mediation of commitment between identification and turnover intentions. Permeability moderates the impact of prestige upon identification and commitment. Finally, we draw conclusions about the mind‐sets behind identification, affective, and continuance commitment, and propose implications for future research and practitioners.

  July 26, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12104   open full text
• The changing face of aggression: the effect of personalized avatars in a violent video game on levels of aggressive behavior.
  Jack Hollingdale, Tobias Greitemeyer.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 21, 2013
  Video game developments allow players to design their own personalized avatars. Previous research has shown that this capability increases levels of aggression within socially acceptable forms of violence. Using the general aggression model (GAM), the current study examined the effect of avatar personalization on behavioral aggression within a violent video game. Participants who played a violent video game and designed their own avatars were significantly more aggressive than those who played the same violent video game with a generic avatar, and were also more aggressive than those who played the nonviolent video game, regardless of whether or not they designed their own personalized characters. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

  July 21, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12148   open full text
• The relationship between learning goal orientation, goal setting, and performance: a longitudinal study.
  Meng U. Taing, Tiffany Smith, Neha Singla, Russell E. Johnson, Chu‐Hsiang Chang.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 19, 2013
  In an educational setting, we examined the relationship of learning goal orientation with goal setting and performance over time. At the first time point, we assessed levels of trait learning goal orientation and asked participants to set performance goals. At each follow‐up time point, we reported to participants their current course grade and allowed them to revise their goals. Learning goal orientation was associated with both setting higher goals and maintaining higher performance over time. Additionally, the relationship of learning goal orientation and performance was found to be mediated by goal setting.

  July 19, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12119   open full text
• The stereotyping of science: superficial details influence perceptions of what is scientific.
  Douglas S. Krull, David H. Silvera.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 19, 2013
  Previous research indicates that superficial details can influence judgments about science. The current research investigated whether the content of research influences judgments about whether research is scientific. In Experiment 1, participants judged topics and equipment associated with natural science to be more scientific than topics and equipment associated with behavioral science. Experiment 2 found that natural science topics combined with natural science equipment were rated as more scientific than all other combinations. Experiment 3 replicated these findings and found that research using natural science topics and natural science equipment was also judged to be more important. Thus, although science is defined by its method, the topic being investigated and the equipment being used influence judgments about what is scientific.

  July 19, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12118   open full text
• I am a better driver than you think: examining self‐enhancement for driving ability.
  Michael M. Roy, Michael J. Liersch.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 19, 2013
  We examined whether people recognized that others might disagree with their high self‐assessments of driving ability, and, if so, why. Participants in four experiments expressed a belief that others would assess them as worse drivers than they assessed themselves. This difference appears to be caused by participants' use of their own, idiosyncratic definition of driving ability. In Experiments 2 and 3, participants reported that others would supply similar assessments of their ability when the skill was less ambiguous. Results of Experiment 4 indicate that participants recognize that there may be more than one way to view driving performance. Participants appear aware that others likely disagree with their self‐assessment of driving ability due to differences in how others define driving ability.

  July 19, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12117   open full text
• Self‐confidence, anxiety, and post‐purchase dissonance: a panel study.
  Ching‐Jui Keng, Tze‐Hsien Liao.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 19, 2013
  This study proposes an integrated conceptual model of the antecedents of post‐purchase dissonance. Data were gathered via a two‐stage panel study among consumers who made purchase of technology items. Study results demonstrate that consumer chronic characteristics (i.e., trait anxiety and generalized self‐confidence) not only directly influence post‐purchase dissonance positively and negatively but also are mediated by consumers' temporary feelings (i.e., state anxiety and specific self‐confidence) toward a purchase situation, and then indirectly influence post‐purchase dissonance positively and negatively. Trait anxiety positively influences state anxiety and that generalized self‐confidence and specific self‐confidence negatively influence state anxiety. Furthermore, trait anxiety appears to negatively influence specific self‐confidence, and generalized self‐confidence appears to negatively influence trait anxiety and positively influence specific self‐confidence.

  July 19, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12116   open full text
• Justice and politics: mechanisms for the underlying relationships of role demands to employees' satisfaction and turnover intentions.
  Jun Yang, Darren C. Treadway, Lee P. Stepina.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 19, 2013
  The present study examines the influence of ambiguity and conflict surrounding employees' job specifications on their dissatisfaction and withdrawal intentions in the workplace. A model is proposed, which introduces perceptions of organizational politics and procedural justice as key mediators in the relationship between role ambiguity and conflict, and the resulting supervisor satisfaction, pay satisfaction, and intention to quit. The model is tested using a sample of 782 full‐time employees of a national retail organization. Results supported the mediating role of procedural justice and perception of politics in the relationship between role ambiguity and conflict and the three outcome measures. Implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed.

  July 19, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12115   open full text
• Examining antecedents and outcomes of part‐time working nurses' motives to search and not to search for a full‐time position.
  Hallgeir Halvari, Maarten Vansteenkiste, Steffen Brørby, Hans Petter Karlsen.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 19, 2013
  Grounded in self‐determination theory, this study sought to examine the antecedents and outcomes of part‐time working nurses' (n = 404) motives for searching and not searching for full‐time employment. After controlling for various background variables, autonomous motivation and economic motivation to search for a full‐time job related positively to job search intensity, controlled motivation to search related negatively to experienced positive experiences of part‐time work, whereas autonomous motivation not to search related negatively to job search intensity and positively to positive experiences from part‐time work. Finally, experienced managerial autonomy support toward part‐time work and negative feedback from colleagues regarding part‐time work were established as contextual antecedents of part‐time nurses' autonomous and controlled motives to search and not to search.

  July 19, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12112   open full text
• Does a customer by any other name tip the same?: The effect of forms of address and customers' age on gratuities given to food servers in the United States.
  John S. Seiter, Harry Weger.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 19, 2013
  This study examined whether different forms of address used by food servers were related to customers' tipping behavior. Food servers addressed diners who paid with credit cards by their first names, titles plus last names, sir/ma'am, or no address. Results indicated that when food servers personalized their service by addressing their customers by name, they earned significantly higher tips than when they used less immediate forms of address, although customers' estimated age mediated these results.

  July 19, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12110   open full text
• How we frame the message of globalization matters.
  Jamie S. Snider, Stephen Reysen, Iva Katzarska‐Miller.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 10, 2013
  We examine the effect of framing globalization either negatively or positively on students' emotions, perceptions, and endorsed behaviors. Participants read about the job market becoming more competitive (negative), more culturally diverse (positive), or no information was given. The results show that framing globalization negatively lowered felt positive emotion, identification with university and global citizenship identities, endorsement of pro‐social values, and increased the desire to reject outgroups and strengthen the ingroup, than when globalization was framed positively. The relationship between message framing and pro‐social values (e.g., valuing diversity) was mediated by global citizenship, but not university identification. Implications for global citizenship education and global citizenship identity are discussed.

  July 10, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12111   open full text
• Experiential avoidance and self‐compassion in chronic pain.
  Joana Costa, José Pinto‐Gouveia.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 08, 2013
  The present study investigates the role of coping, experiential avoidance, and self‐compassion on psychological distress prediction (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms). A battery of self‐report questionnaires was used to assess coping, experiential avoidance, self‐compassion, and psychological distress in 103 adults with chronic pain from Portuguese primary health care units. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed and showed that experiential avoidance and self‐compassion are the factors that mostly explain psychological distress. Our results suggest that when people with chronic pain are willing to remain in contact with particular private experiences without attempting to control them, they reported less depression, anxiety, and stress. Implications for clinical practice were discussed, suggesting the importance of helping people with chronic pain to increase their willingness to pain rather than avoiding it.

  July 08, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12107   open full text
• Appraisals of self and situation as determinants of upward influencing tactics.
  Susan A. Geertshuis, Helena D. Cooper‐Thomas, Mnthali Price.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 08, 2013
  This study considers subordinate upward influencing as a proactive behavior and applies this lens to an investigation into the contributions of appraisals of self and situation in predicting tactic choice. One hundred seventy‐eight employees assessed the frequency with which they used influencing tactics in interactions with their direct line manager. The results indicated that favorable appraisals of self were associated with increased use of rationality and unfavorable appraisal of situation were associated with increased the use of ingratiation, assertiveness, and upward appeal. While the use of rationality could be explained within approaches to positive proactive work behaviors, the use of the remaining five tactics could not. The results are interpreted within a wider perspective of proactive discretionary behaviors.

  July 08, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12106   open full text
• Predictors of fear of crime: general fear versus perceived risk.
  Derek Chadee, Nikita K Ng Ying.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. July 03, 2013
  Much of the literature on fear of crime (FOC) has focused on the role of risk perceptions in understanding FOC, with little consideration given to psychological factors not directly related to crime, but that can impact the levels of FOC. This study introduces general fear (GF) as an explanatory factor in understanding FOC. A proportional random sample of 1,197 respondents was obtained from 406 enumeration districts across Trinidad. The results revealed GF as the strongest predictor of FOC across ethnicity, sex, age, area of residence, and victim status. Explanations and areas for further investigation are offered.

  July 03, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12207   open full text
• Examination of ethnic group differential responding on a biodata instrument.
  Michelle A. Dean.
  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. May 20, 2013
  Biodata is a selection device that is often cited for high criterion validity and low adverse impact, yet little research examines the latter point. Further, little is known about whether differential biodata item responding by ethnic group occurs, and if so, whether this impacts ethnic group differences, predictive bias, adverse impact, and criterion validity. Data from 5,242 applicants for a government agency position indicated that elimination of biodata item response options with differential ethnic group selection rates from scoring consideration resulted in a large decrease in ethnic group differences, no predictive bias, less potential adverse impact, and a nonsignificant decrease in criterion validity. Results are compared to a general mental ability measure. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

  May 20, 2013   doi: 10.1111/jasp.12212   open full text